School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Dec;26(36):36710-36719. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06825-0. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Due to rapid growth of industrialization and human activities, such as mining and smelting, lead (Pb) has become a major environmental contaminant. As Pb can pose risks to human health, preventing Pb pollution in wheat is important for food safety, requiring accurate verification of pollution sources. Pb concentrations and isotope ratio levels in soil, in the atmosphere, and wheat tissue (root, stem, leaf, grain) in an area of high-Pb deposition (in the vicinity of a Pb smelter in Jiyuan city) and an area of low deposition (the northwest suburb of Zhengzhou city) were examined. The Pb isotope ratio and the binary mixed model were used to quantify the contribution of soil and atmospheric deposition to Pb content in wheat tissues. Results show that Pb content in soil, atmospheric deposition, and wheat in the high deposition area were significantly higher than those in the low deposition area. Pb content in soil, atmospheric deposition, wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grains in the high-deposition area were 355.32 ± 14.78, 5477.90 ± 187.85, 158.72 ± 9.56, 21.36 ± 1.72, 26.49 ± 1.96, and 0.94 ± 0.02 mg kg, respectively. Pb content in the low-deposition area were 6.10 ± 0.75, 78.50 ± 4.35, 2.47 ± 0.23, 1.03 ± 0.07, 2.11 ± 0.13, and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg kg, respectively. The Pb isotope ratio recorded obvious differences between soil and atmospheric deposition in the two areas. Combined with the significant correlation between Pb isotopes in various tissues of wheat and environmental media, and analysis of the isotopic composition characteristics of wheat and environmental media, in the high-deposition area, the contribution rate of atmospheric deposition in wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grains was 14%, 66%, 84%, and 77%, respectively. And the soil contribution rate was 86%, 34%, 16%, 23%, respectively. In the low-deposition area, the contribution rate of atmospheric deposition in wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grains was 49%, 73%, 93%, and 83%, respectively. And the soil contribution rates were 51%, 27%, 7%, and 17%, respectively. In the low-Pb deposition area, the contribution rate of atmospheric deposition in wheat was higher than that in the high-deposition area. Atmospheric deposition was the main source of Pb in grains, leaves, and stems of wheat in different depositional areas. Pb in wheat roots mainly derives from soil, and the Pb contribution rate of soil to wheat roots in the high-deposition area was significantly higher than that in the low-deposition area.
由于工业化和人类活动（如采矿和冶炼）的快速发展，铅（Pb）已成为主要的环境污染物。由于 Pb 会对人类健康构成威胁，因此防止小麦中的 Pb 污染对于食品安全至关重要，这需要准确验证污染源。在高 Pb 沉积区（济源市某 Pb 冶炼厂附近）和低沉积区（郑州市西北郊区），检查了土壤、大气和小麦组织（根、茎、叶、籽粒）中的 Pb 浓度和同位素比值水平。使用 Pb 同位素比值和二元混合模型来量化土壤和大气沉积对小麦组织中 Pb 含量的贡献。结果表明，高沉积区土壤、大气沉积和小麦中的 Pb 含量明显高于低沉积区。高沉积区土壤、大气沉积、小麦根、茎、叶和籽粒中的 Pb 含量分别为 355.32 ± 14.78、5477.90 ± 187.85、158.72 ± 9.56、21.36 ± 1.72、26.49 ± 1.96 和 0.94 ± 0.02 mg kg，低沉积区分别为 6.10 ± 0.75、78.50 ± 4.35、2.47 ± 0.23、1.03 ± 0.07、2.11 ± 0.13 和 0.08 ± 0.01 mg kg。两个地区土壤和大气沉积中的 Pb 同位素比值记录明显不同。结合小麦各组织与环境介质之间 Pb 同位素的显著相关性，以及对小麦和环境介质同位素组成特征的分析，在高沉积区，大气沉积对小麦根、茎、叶和籽粒的贡献率分别为 14%、66%、84%和 77%。土壤贡献率分别为 86%、34%、16%和 23%。在低沉积区，大气沉积对小麦根、茎、叶和籽粒的贡献率分别为 49%、73%、93%和 83%。土壤贡献率分别为 51%、27%、7%和 17%。在低 Pb 沉积区，大气沉积对小麦的贡献率高于高沉积区。大气沉积是不同沉积区小麦籽粒、叶片和茎中 Pb 的主要来源。小麦根中的 Pb 主要来源于土壤，高沉积区土壤对小麦根中 Pb 的贡献率明显高于低沉积区。
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