Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2020 Apr;9(2):202-207. doi: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0102. Epub 2019 Nov 19.
Testicular cancer (TCa) is among the most common cancers within adolescent and young adult (AYA) male populations. However, information is limited to variations in incidence and mortality outside of racial/ethnic subgroups. Rural regions historically have a greater overall cancer incidence than urban regions, although some key differences exist regarding site. TCa-specific incidence and mortality disparities are not commonly reported in this context. This study aims to help fill that gap by providing discovery evidence if there is an association between US rural/urban regions and TCa incidence and mortality. Secondary analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence and mortality data were employed to determine if rural/urban TCa incidence and mortality disparities exist among U.S. males. There was a 2.6% increased rate of TCa in U.S. urban as compared with rural geographic regions from 2011 to 2015. When geographic region is disaggregated, rural regions see higher rates than urban. When factoring in race/ethnicity, White/Caucasians and Hispanics had statistically higher urban rates whereas American Indian/Alaskan Natives and Asian/Pacific Islander groups had statistically higher rural rates. Geographic regional TCa variation research is virtually nonexistent for U.S. males, specifically AYAs of color. Determining preliminary trends in rural and urban regions can assist in the creation of more targeted services, particularly among underserved and vulnerable populations that have tenuous access to health care, to reduce disparate health outcomes. Exploring geographic differences in TCa incidence and mortality can have implications within service industry, health care accessibility, and public health justice areas of research and outreach.
睾丸癌（TCa）是青少年和年轻男性（AYA）中最常见的癌症之一。然而，关于种族/民族亚组以外发病率和死亡率的信息有限。历史上，农村地区的总体癌症发病率高于城市地区，尽管在某些关键方面存在差异。在这种情况下，通常不会报告 TCa 特定的发病率和死亡率差异。本研究旨在通过提供发现证据来帮助填补这一空白，如果美国农村/城市地区与 TCa 的发病率和死亡率之间存在关联。采用监测、流行病学和最终结果发病率和死亡率数据的二次分析，以确定美国男性是否存在农村/城市 TCa 发病率和死亡率差异。与 2011 年至 2015 年相比，美国城市地区的 TCa 发病率比农村地区高 2.6%。当按地理位置细分时，农村地区的发病率高于城市地区。在考虑种族/民族时，白种人/高加索人和西班牙裔的城市发病率统计学上更高，而美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和亚洲/太平洋岛民群体的农村发病率统计学上更高。美国男性，特别是有色人种的 AYA，几乎没有关于地理区域 TCa 变化的研究。确定农村和城市地区的初步趋势可以帮助创建更有针对性的服务，特别是在那些获得医疗保健服务机会有限的服务不足和弱势群体中，以减少不同的健康结果。探索 TCa 发病率和死亡率的地理差异可能会对服务行业、医疗保健可及性以及公共卫生正义领域的研究和外联产生影响。
