Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Alsana: An Eating Disorder Recovery Community, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Feb;79(1):103-112. doi: 10.1017/S0029665119001162. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
The concept of food addiction is currently a highly debated subject within both the general public and the scientific communities. The term food addiction suggests that individuals may experience addictive-like responses to food, similar to those seen with classic substances of abuse. An increasing number of studies have established the prevalence and correlates of food addiction. Moreover, food addiction may be associated with obesity and disordered eating. Thus, intervening on food addiction may be helpful in the prevention and therapy of obesity and eating disorders. However, controversy exists about if this phenomenon is best defined through paradigms reflective of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) substance-related disorders (e.g. food addiction) or non-substance-related disorders (e.g. eating addiction) criteria. This review paper will give a brief summarisation of the current state of research on food addiction, a more precise definition of its classification, its differentiation from eating addiction and an overview on potential overlaps with eating disorders. Based on this review, there is evidence that food addiction may represent a distinct phenomenon from established eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Future studies are needed to further examine and establish orthogonal diagnostic criteria specific to food addiction. Such criteria must differentiate the patterns of eating and symptoms that may be similar to those of eating disorders to further characterise food addiction and develop therapy options. To date, it is too premature to draw conclusions about the clinical significance of the concept of food addiction.
食物成瘾的概念目前在公众和科学界都是一个备受争议的话题。食物成瘾这一术语表明，个体可能对食物产生类似成瘾物质滥用的反应。越来越多的研究已经确定了食物成瘾的普遍性和相关因素。此外，食物成瘾可能与肥胖和饮食失调有关。因此，干预食物成瘾可能有助于预防和治疗肥胖和饮食失调。然而，对于这一现象是通过反映《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM-5）物质相关障碍（如食物成瘾）还是非物质相关障碍（如饮食成瘾）标准的范式来定义，存在争议。这篇综述文章将简要总结当前关于食物成瘾的研究现状，更精确地定义其分类，将其与饮食成瘾区分开来，并概述与饮食失调的潜在重叠。基于这篇综述，有证据表明，食物成瘾可能是一种与已确立的饮食失调（如神经性贪食症或暴食障碍）不同的现象。未来的研究需要进一步检查和建立特定于食物成瘾的正交诊断标准。这些标准必须区分与饮食失调相似的进食模式和症状，以进一步描述食物成瘾，并开发治疗选择。到目前为止，关于食物成瘾概念的临床意义下结论还为时过早。
