California State University, Sacramento, College of Continuing Education and Department of Communication Studies, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.
Public Health Institute Center for Wellness and Nutrition, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):3-12. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019003197. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
To examine trends from 2015 to 2017 in dietary behaviours and diet quality among low-income mothers, teenagers and children.
Cross-sectional telephone surveys using a validated 24 h dietary assessment.
Randomly sampled households with incomes ≤185 % of the US federal poverty level across California.
Survey participants were 13 247 mothers (≥18 years), 3293 teenagers (12-17 years) and 6043 children (5-11 years). Respondents were mostly Latino.
Over the 3-year study period, consumption of fruits and vegetables with and without 100 % fruit juice increased (P ≤ 0·05) by at least 0·3 cups/d for mothers, teenagers and children. Intake of water also increased (P ≤ 0·001) by more than 1 cup/d for mothers and children and 2 cups/d for teenagers. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was unchanged over the 3 years. Overall diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015, improved (P ≤ 0·01) for mothers, teenagers and children. Covariates for the fifteen regression models (three age groups by five outcome variables) included race/ethnicity, age, education for mothers, and gender for teenagers and children.
The observed increases in fruit and vegetable intake and improvements in overall diet quality during the 3-year period suggest that low-income Californians may have lowered their risk of preventable diseases. However, more intense or strategic SSB-reduction interventions are required. Regional- or state-level, population-based surveillance of dietary behaviours is useful for public health nutrition policy and programme decision making, and can be used to assess potential trends in future negative health outcomes and related costs associated with poor dietary behaviours within at-risk populations.
研究 2015 年至 2017 年期间，低收入母亲、青少年和儿童的饮食行为和饮食质量趋势。
使用经过验证的 24 小时饮食评估进行横断面电话调查。
加利福尼亚州收入低于联邦贫困线 185%的随机抽样家庭。
调查参与者为 13247 名母亲（≥18 岁）、3293 名青少年（12-17 岁）和 6043 名儿童（5-11 岁）。受访者主要是拉丁裔。
在为期 3 年的研究期间，母亲、青少年和儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量（包括 100%纯果汁）至少增加了 0.3 杯/天（P≤0.05）。母亲和儿童的饮水量增加了 1 杯/天以上，青少年的饮水量增加了 2 杯/天。3 年来，含糖饮料（SSB）的摄入量没有变化。母亲、青少年和儿童的整体饮食质量（用 2015 年健康饮食指数评估）有所改善（P≤0.01）。15 个回归模型（三个年龄组，五个结果变量）的协变量包括种族/民族、年龄、母亲的教育程度以及青少年和儿童的性别。
在这 3 年期间，观察到水果和蔬菜摄入量增加以及整体饮食质量提高，这表明加利福尼亚州的低收入人群可能降低了患可预防疾病的风险。然而，需要更强烈或更具战略性的 SSB 减少干预措施。基于区域或州的人口饮食行为监测对于公共卫生营养政策和计划决策是有用的，可用于评估未来在高危人群中与不良饮食行为相关的负面健康结果和相关成本的潜在趋势。
