Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Diabetes Care. 2018 May;41(5):1032-1039. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1775. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
We examined the proportion of American adults without type 2 diabetes that engages in lifestyle behaviors known to reduce type 2 diabetes risk.
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,679 nonpregnant, nonlactating individuals aged ≥20 years without diabetes (self-reported diagnosis or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% [8 mmol/mol] or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL) and who provided 2 days of reliable dietary data in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). We used the average of 2 days of dietary recall and self-reported leisure-time physical activity to assess whether participants met type 2 diabetes risk reduction goals (meeting four or more MyPlate recommendations [adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains, meat, beans, and eggs]; not exceeding three maximum allowances for alcoholic beverages, added sugars, fat, and cholesterol; and meeting physical activity recommendations [≥150 min/week]).
Approximately 21%, 29%, and 13% of individuals met fruit, vegetable, and dairy goals, respectively. Half (51.6%) met the goal for total grains, compared with 18% for whole grains, and 54.2% met the meat/beans goal and 40.6% met the oils goal. About one-third (37.8%) met the physical activity goal, and 58.6% met the weight loss/maintenance goal. Overall, 3.1% (95% CI 2.4-4.0) of individuals met the majority of type 2 diabetes risk reduction goals. Younger age and lower educational attainment were associated with lower probability of meeting goals.
A small proportion of U.S. adults engages in risk reduction behaviors. Research and interventions targeted at young and less-educated segments of the population may help close gaps in risk reduction behaviors.
我们调查了美国无 2 型糖尿病成年人参与已知可降低 2 型糖尿病风险的生活方式行为的比例。
我们对 2007-2012 年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中年龄≥20 岁、无糖尿病（自我报告诊断或糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%[8mmol/mol]或空腹血糖≥126mg/dL）且提供 2 天可靠饮食数据的 3679 名非妊娠、非哺乳期个体进行了横断面分析。我们使用 2 天饮食回忆和自我报告的休闲时间体力活动的平均值来评估参与者是否符合 2 型糖尿病风险降低目标（满足四个或更多 MyPlate 建议[充分摄入水果、蔬菜、乳制品、谷物、肉类、豆类和蛋类]；不超过三个最大允许酒精饮料、添加糖、脂肪和胆固醇；满足体力活动建议[≥150min/周]）。
分别约有 21%、29%和 13%的个体满足水果、蔬菜和乳制品目标。一半（51.6%）符合总谷物目标，相比之下，全谷物为 18%，肉类/豆类目标为 54.2%，油类目标为 40.6%。约有三分之一（37.8%）符合体力活动目标，58.6%符合体重减轻/维持目标。总体而言，3.1%（95%CI2.4-4.0）的个体符合大多数 2 型糖尿病风险降低目标。年龄较小和教育程度较低与达到目标的可能性较低相关。
一小部分美国成年人参与了降低风险的行为。针对年轻和受教育程度较低人群的研究和干预措施可能有助于缩小降低风险行为方面的差距。
