Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie. CNRS, IRD, Univ Paris-Sud. Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 19;9(1):17015. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53474-x.
Azadirachtin is one of the successful botanical pesticides in agricultural use with a broad-spectrum insecticide activity, but its possible transgenerational effects have not been under much scrutiny. The effects of sublethal doses of azadirachtin on life-table traits and oviposition behaviour of a model organism in toxicological studies, D. melanogaster, were evaluated. The fecundity and oviposition preference of flies surviving to single azadirachtin-treated larvae of parental generation was adversely affected and resulted in the reduction of the number of eggs laid and increased aversion to this compound over two successive generations. In parental generation, early exposure to azadirachtin affects adult's development by reducing the number of organisms, delay larval and pupal development; male biased sex ratio and induced morphological alterations. Moreover, adult's survival of the two generations was significantly decreased as compared to the control. Therefore, Single preimaginal azadirachtin treatment can affect flies population dynamics via transgenerational reductions in survival and reproduction capacity as well as reinforcement of oviposition avoidance which can contribute as repellent strategies in integrated pest management programs. The transgenerational effects observed suggest a possible reduction both in application frequency and total amount of pesticide used, would help in reducing both control costs and possible ecotoxicological risks.
印楝素是农业中使用的成功的植物性杀虫剂之一，具有广谱杀虫剂活性，但它的可能跨代效应尚未受到太多关注。本研究评估了亚致死剂量的印楝素对模式生物黑腹果蝇生活史特征和产卵行为的毒理学研究的影响。在双亲代中，能存活到单一印楝素处理幼虫的果蝇的繁殖力和产卵偏好受到不利影响，导致产卵量减少，并在两代中对这种化合物产生更强的厌恶感。在双亲代中，早期接触印楝素会通过减少生物数量、延迟幼虫和蛹的发育、雄性偏性性别比以及诱导形态改变，从而影响成虫的发育。此外，与对照组相比，两代成虫的存活率显著降低。因此，单一的预蛹期印楝素处理可以通过降低存活率和繁殖能力以及加强产卵回避来影响蝇类种群动态，这可以作为综合害虫管理计划中的驱避策略。观察到的跨代效应表明，减少农药的使用频率和总量可能有助于降低控制成本和可能的生态毒理学风险。
