类胡萝卜素生物合成、降解和储存途径。

Pathways for Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Degradation, and Storage.

机构信息

Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

出版信息

Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2083:3-23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_1.

DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_1

PMID:31745909

Abstract

Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms as well as in some nonphotosynthetic bacteria and fungi. In plants, carotenoids are essential for light harvesting and photoprotection. They contribute to the vivid color found in many plant organs. The cleavage of carotenoids produces small molecules (apocarotenoids) that serve as aroma compounds, as well as phytohormones and signals to affect plant growth and development. Since carotenoids provide valuable nutrition and health benefits for humans, understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, catabolism and storage is important for biofortification of crops with improved nutritional quality. This chapter primarily introduces our current knowledge about carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation pathways as well as carotenoid storage in plants.

摘要

类胡萝卜素是异戊二烯化合物，在所有光合生物以及一些非光合细菌和真菌中从头合成。在植物中，类胡萝卜素是光捕获和光保护所必需的。它们为许多植物器官中的鲜艳颜色做出贡献。类胡萝卜素的裂解产生小分子（类胡萝卜素），这些小分子作为香气化合物，以及植物激素和信号，影响植物的生长和发育。由于类胡萝卜素为人类提供了有价值的营养和健康益处，因此了解类胡萝卜素的生物合成、分解代谢和储存对于用改善营养品质的作物进行生物强化是很重要的。本章主要介绍我们目前对植物中类胡萝卜素生物合成和降解途径以及类胡萝卜素储存的认识。