哪些青少年因素可预测青年期的酒精滥用？一项同卵双生子比较研究。
Which adolescent factors predict alcohol misuse in young adulthood? A co-twin comparisons study.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
出版信息
Addiction. 2020 May;115(5):877-887. doi: 10.1111/add.14888. Epub 2020 Jan 8.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Research on adolescent predictors of later alcohol misuse is typically conducted on samples of singletons, and associations may be confounded by between-family differences. To address potential confounding, we applied a co-twin comparison design to evaluate whether differences between co-twins in a wide array of adolescent risk factors predicted differences in young adult alcohol misuse.
DESIGN
Longitudinal study in which associations between characteristics of the sample as adolescents were used to predict young adult alcohol misuse in individual-level analyses and co-twin comparisons.
SETTING
Finland.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 3402 individuals (1435 complete twin pairs; 36% monozygotic; 57% female) from the FinnTwin12 study.
MEASUREMENTS
The young adult alcohol misuse outcome was a composite score of alcohol use and intoxication frequency. Adolescent predictors included factor scores representing academic performance, substance use, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, peer environment, physical health and relationship with parents; and single measures tapping alcohol expectancies, life events and pubertal development.
FINDINGS
In individual-level analyses, individuals with higher adolescent substance use, externalizing problems, time with friends, peer deviance, sports involvement, sleeping difficulties, parental discipline, positive alcohol expectancies and difficulty of life events reported higher alcohol misuse in young adulthood (Ps < 0.019, R = 0.0003-0.0310%). Conversely, those with higher adolescent internalizing problems, parent-child relationship quality and time with parents reported lower alcohol misuse (Ps < 0021, R = 0.0018-0.0093%). The associations with adolescent substance use and alcohol expectancies remained significant in co-twin comparisons (Ps < 0.049, R = 0.0019-0.0314%). Further, academic performance emerged as a significant predictor, such that individuals with higher grades compared with their co-twin reported higher young adult alcohol misuse (Ps < 0.029, R = 0.0449-0.0533%).
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescent substance use, positive alcohol expectancies and higher academic performance appear to be robust predictors of later alcohol misuse.
背景与目的
对青少年后期饮酒问题的预测研究通常是针对单胞胎样本进行的，家庭间的差异可能会使关联复杂化。为了解决潜在的混杂因素，我们采用同卵双生子比较设计来评估青少年时期广泛的风险因素的双胞胎间差异是否预测了青年期的酒精滥用。
设计
这是一项纵向研究，使用样本在青少年时期的特征之间的关联来预测个体水平分析和同卵双生子比较中的青年期酒精滥用。
地点
芬兰。
参与者
来自 FinnTwin12 研究的共 3402 人（1435 对完整双胞胎；36%同卵双生；57%女性）。
测量
青年期酒精滥用的结果是酒精使用和醉酒频率的综合评分。青少年预测因素包括代表学业成绩、物质使用、外化问题、内化问题、同伴环境、身体健康和与父母关系的因子分数；以及单一的测量方法，包括酒精期望、生活事件和青春期发育。
结果
在个体水平分析中，青少年时期物质使用、外化问题、与朋友共度的时间、同伴偏差、运动参与、睡眠困难、父母纪律、积极的酒精期望和生活事件困难程度较高的个体在青年期报告的酒精滥用程度更高（Ps<0.019，R=0.0003-0.0310%）。相反，青少年时期内化问题、亲子关系质量和与父母共度的时间较高的个体报告的酒精滥用程度较低（Ps<0.021，R=0.0018-0.0093%）。在同卵双生子比较中，与青少年时期物质使用和酒精期望的关联仍然显著（Ps<0.049，R=0.0019-0.0314%）。此外，学业成绩成为一个显著的预测因素，与同卵双生子相比，成绩较高的个体报告的青年期酒精滥用程度更高（Ps<0.029，R=0.0449-0.0533%）。
结论
青少年时期的物质使用、积极的酒精期望和较高的学业成绩似乎是后期酒精滥用的可靠预测因素。
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