Private practice, Via Nizza, 46, 00198, Rome, Italy.
CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Aug;24(8):2611-2623. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03119-0. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
The osteoconductive properties of bone grafting materials represent one area of research for the management of bony defects found in the fields of periodontology and oral surgery. From a physico-chemical aspect, the wettability of the graft has been demonstrated to be one of the most important factors for new bone formation. It is also well-known that argon plasma treatment (PAT) and ultraviolet irradiation (UV) may increase the surface wettability and, consequently, improve the regenerative potential of the bone grafts. Therefore, the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of PAT and UV treatment on the osteoconductive potential of various bone grafts.
The following four frequently used bone grafts were selected for this study: synthetic hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), cancellous and cortical xenogenic bone matrices (CaBM, CoBM). Sixty-six serially numbered disks 10 mm in diameter were used for each graft material and randomly assigned to the following three groups: test 1 (PAT), test 2 (UV), and control (no treatment). Six samples underwent topographic analysis using SEM pre- and post-treatments to evaluate changes in surface topography/characteristics. Additionally, cell adhesion and cell proliferation were evaluated at 2 and 72 h respectively following incubation in a three-dimensional culture system utilizing a bioreactor. Furthermore, the effects of PAT and UV on immune cells were assessed by measuring the viability of human macrophages at 24 h.
The topographic analysis showed different initial morphologies of the commercial biomaterials (e.g., Mg-HA and BCP showed flat morphology; BM samples were extremely porous with high roughness). The surface analysis following experimental treatments did not demonstrate topographical difference when compared with controls. Investigation of cells demonstrated that PAT treatment significantly increased cell adhesion of all 4 evaluated bone substitutes, whereas UV failed to show any statistically significant differences. The viability test revealed no differences in terms of macrophage adhesion on any of the tested surfaces.
Within their limitations, the present results suggest that treatment of various bone grafting materials with PAT appears to enhance the osteoconductivity of bone substitutes in the early stage by improving osteoblast adhesion without concomitantly affecting macrophage viability.
Treatment of bone grafts with PAT appears to result in faster osseointegration of the bone grafting materials and may thus favorably influence bone regeneration.
在牙周病学和口腔外科学领域，骨移植材料的骨诱导特性是研究的一个领域。从物理化学的角度来看，已证明移植体的润湿性是新骨形成的最重要因素之一。众所周知，氩等离子体处理（PAT）和紫外线照射（UV）可以提高表面润湿性，从而提高骨移植物的再生潜力。因此，本体外研究的目的是评估 PAT 和 UV 处理对各种骨移植物的骨诱导潜力的影响。
选择了以下四种常用的骨移植物进行本研究：合成羟基磷灰石（Mg-HA），双相磷酸钙（BCP），松质和皮质异种骨基质（CaBM，CoBM）。每个移植物材料使用 66 个编号为 10 毫米直径的圆盘，并随机分为以下三组：试验 1（PAT），试验 2（UV）和对照（无处理）。对六组样本进行形貌分析，使用 SEM 在处理前后评估表面形貌/特征的变化。此外，在使用生物反应器的三维培养系统孵育 2 和 72 小时后，分别评估细胞粘附和细胞增殖。此外，通过测量 24 小时后人类巨噬细胞的活力来评估 PAT 和 UV 对免疫细胞的影响。
形貌分析显示商业生物材料的初始形貌不同（例如，Mg-HA 和 BCP 呈平坦形貌；BM 样本具有极高的粗糙度和极高的多孔性）。与对照相比，实验处理后的表面分析未显示出形貌差异。细胞研究表明，PAT 处理显著增加了所有 4 种评估的骨替代物的细胞粘附，而 UV 则没有显示出任何统计学上的显著差异。活力测试表明，在任何测试表面上，巨噬细胞粘附均无差异。
在其限制范围内，目前的结果表明，用 PAT 处理各种骨移植物材料似乎通过改善成骨细胞粘附而在早期增强了骨替代物的骨诱导性，而不会同时影响巨噬细胞的活力。
用 PAT 处理骨移植物似乎可以加快骨移植物的骨整合速度，从而有利于骨再生。
