从头合成脂肪作为脂肪细胞中第二信使的来源。
De Novo Lipogenesis as a Source of Second Messengers in Adipocytes.
机构信息
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
出版信息
Curr Diab Rep. 2019 Nov 20;19(11):138. doi: 10.1007/s11892-019-1264-9.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although adipose tissue allows storage of excess calories in periods of overnutrition, in obesity, adipose tissue metabolism becomes dysregulated and can promote metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understandings how adipocyte metabolism impacts metabolic homeostasis.
RECENT FINDINGS
The ability of adipocytes to synthesize lipids from glucose is a marker of metabolic fitness, e.g., low de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipocytes correlates with insulin resistance in obesity. Adipocyte DNL may promote synthesis of special "insulin sensitizing" signaling lipids that act hormonally. However, each metabolic intermediate in the DNL pathway (i.e., citrate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitate) also has second messenger functions. Mounting evidence suggests these signaling functions may also be important for maintaining healthy adipocytes. While adipocyte DNL contributes to lipid storage, lipid precursors may have additional second messenger functions critical for maintaining adipocyte health, and thus systemic metabolic homeostasis.
目的综述
肥胖是 2 型糖尿病的一个主要危险因素。尽管脂肪组织允许在营养过剩时期储存多余的卡路里，但在肥胖中，脂肪组织代谢变得失调，并可能促进代谢疾病。本综述讨论了对脂肪细胞代谢如何影响代谢稳态的理解的最新进展。
最近的发现
脂肪细胞从葡萄糖合成脂质的能力是代谢健康的一个标志，例如，脂肪细胞中低的从头脂肪生成（DNL）与肥胖中的胰岛素抵抗相关。脂肪细胞 DNL 可能促进特殊的“胰岛素增敏”信号脂质的合成，这些脂质具有激素作用。然而，DNL 途径中的每个代谢中间产物（即柠檬酸、乙酰辅酶 A、丙二酰辅酶 A 和棕榈酸）也具有第二信使功能。越来越多的证据表明，这些信号功能对于维持健康的脂肪细胞也可能很重要。虽然脂肪细胞 DNL 有助于脂质储存，但脂质前体可能具有维持脂肪细胞健康和全身代谢稳态的额外第二信使功能。
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