Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
Hum Nat. 2019 Dec;30(4):448-476. doi: 10.1007/s12110-019-09355-3.
Animal and human studies suggest that parenting style is transmitted from one generation to the next. The hypotheses of this study were that (1) a mother's rearing experiences (G1) would predict her own parenting resources (G2) and (2) current maternal mood, motivation to care for her offspring, and relationship with her parents would underlie this association. In a subsample of 201 first-time mothers participating in the longitudinal Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment project, we assessed a mother's own childhood maltreatment and rearing experiences (G1) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Instrument. At 6 months postpartum, mothers completed questionnaires on parenting stress (G2), symptoms of depression, maternal motivation, and current relationship with their own parents. The sample consisted of mostly high socioeconomic status mothers recruited from Montréal (n = 135) or Hamilton (n = 66), Canada, with an age range from 18 to 43 years (M = 29.41, SD = 4.85 years). More severe maltreatment and less supportive rearing by the mother's parents (G1) predicted increased parenting stress at 6 months (G2). These associations were mediated through distinct psychosocial pathways: maltreatment (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through symptoms of depression (Z = 2.297; p = .022); maternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through maternal motivation (Z = -2.155; p = .031) and symptoms of depression (Z = -1.842; p = .065); and paternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through current relationship with the father (Z = -2.617; p = .009). Maternal rearing experiences predict a mother's own parenting resources though distinct psychosocial pathways, including depressed mood, maternal motivation, and social support.
动物和人类研究表明，养育方式是从上一代传递到下一代的。本研究的假设是：(1)母亲的养育经历（G1）将预测她自己的育儿资源（G2）；(2)当前的母亲情绪、照顾后代的动机以及与父母的关系将是这种关联的基础。在参与纵向母婴逆境、脆弱性和神经发育项目的 201 名初产妇的子样本中，我们使用儿童创伤问卷和父母养育方式问卷评估了母亲自己的儿童期虐待和养育经历（G1）。在产后 6 个月时，母亲完成了关于育儿压力（G2）、抑郁症状、母亲动机和当前与自己父母关系的问卷。该样本主要由来自加拿大蒙特利尔（n=135）或汉密尔顿（n=66）的高社会经济地位的母亲组成，年龄在 18 至 43 岁之间（M=29.41，SD=4.85 岁）。母亲的父母（G1）受到更严重的虐待和支持较少的养育方式，预测 6 个月时育儿压力增加（G2）。这些关联通过不同的心理社会途径来介导：虐待（G1）通过抑郁症状（Z=2.297；p=0.022）对育儿压力（G2）的影响；母亲的养育方式（G1）通过母亲的动机（Z=-2.155；p=0.031）和抑郁症状（Z=-1.842；p=0.065）对育儿压力（G2）的影响；以及父亲的养育方式（G1）通过与父亲的当前关系（Z=-2.617；p=0.009）对育儿压力（G2）的影响。通过不同的心理社会途径，包括抑郁情绪、母亲的动机和社会支持，母亲的养育经历预测了她自己的育儿资源。
