Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Level 8, Building 181, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Acta Biomater. 2020 Jan 15;102:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.032. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Functional deficits due to neuronal loss are a common theme across multiple neuropathologies, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Apart from mitigating cell death, another approach to treating brain injuries involves re-establishing the neural circuitry at the lesion site by utilizing exogeneous and/or endogenous stem cells to achieve functional recovery. While there has been limited success, the emergence of new bioactive matrices that promote neural repair introduces new perspectives on the development of regenerative therapies for TBI. This review briefly discusses current development on cell-based therapies and the use of bioactive matrices, hydrogels in particular, when incorporated in regenerative therapies. Desirable characteristics of bioactive matrices that have been shown to augment neural repair in TBI models were identified and further discussed. Understanding the relative outcomes of newly developed biomaterials implanted in vivo can better guide the development of biomaterials as a therapeutic strategy, for biomaterial-based cellular therapies are still in their nascent stages. Nonetheless, the value of bioactive matrices as a treatment for acute brain injuries should be appreciated and further developed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-based therapies have received attention as an alternative therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcome post-traumatic brain injury but have achieved limited success. Whilst the incorporation of newly developed biomaterials in regenerative therapies has shown promise in augmenting neural repair, studies have revealed new hurdles which must be overcome to improve their therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the recent development of cell-based therapies with a specific focus on the use of bioactive matrices in the form of hydrogels, to complement cell transplantation within the injured brain. Moreover, this review consolidates in vivo animal studies that demonstrate relative functional outcome upon the implantation of different biomaterials to highlight their desirable traits to guide their development for regenerative therapies in traumatic brain injury.
由于神经元丢失导致的功能缺陷是多种神经病理学的共同主题，包括创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)。除了减轻细胞死亡外，另一种治疗脑损伤的方法是利用外源性和/或内源性干细胞在损伤部位重建神经回路，以实现功能恢复。虽然取得的成功有限，但新的生物活性基质的出现为 TBI 的再生治疗带来了新的视角，这些基质促进神经修复。本文简要讨论了基于细胞的治疗方法的最新进展，以及生物活性基质（特别是水凝胶）在再生治疗中的应用。确定了已显示可增强 TBI 模型中神经修复的生物活性基质的理想特性，并进一步讨论了这些特性。了解体内植入的新型生物材料的相对结果可以更好地指导生物材料作为治疗策略的发展，因为基于生物材料的细胞疗法仍处于起步阶段。尽管如此，仍应重视并进一步开发生物活性基质作为急性脑损伤的治疗方法。
细胞疗法作为改善创伤性脑损伤后临床结果的替代治疗策略受到关注，但取得的成功有限。虽然在再生治疗中加入新开发的生物材料在增强神经修复方面显示出前景，但研究揭示了必须克服的新障碍，以提高其治疗效果。本文讨论了细胞疗法的最新进展，特别关注生物活性基质（以水凝胶的形式）在受伤大脑中补充细胞移植的用途。此外，本文综述了体内动物研究，这些研究证明了不同生物材料植入后的相对功能结果，以突出其理想特性，指导其在创伤性脑损伤中的再生治疗中的发展。
