Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 21;19(1):1543. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7882-y.
The coexistence of overweight/obesity and undernutrition is often referred to as the double burden of malnutrition (DB). DB was shown to exist in many developing countries, especially in urban areas. Much less is known about DB in rural areas of developing countries. Also, the exact definition of DB varies between studies, making comparison difficult. The objective of this study is to analyse DB problems in rural Kenya, using and comparing different DB definitions and measurement approaches.
Food intake and anthropometric data were collected from 874 male and female adults and 184 children (< 5 years) through a cross-section survey in rural areas of Western Kenya. DB at the individual level is defined as a person suffering simultaneously from overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiency or stunting. DB at the household level is defined as an overweight/obese adult and an undernourished child living in the same household, using underweight, stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency as indicators of child undernutrition.
DB at the individual level is found in 19% of the adults, but only in 1% of the children. DB at the household level is relatively low (1-3%) when using wasting or underweight as indicators of child undernutrition, but much higher (13-17%) when using stunting or micronutrient deficiency as indicators.
Various forms of DB problems exist in rural Kenya at household and individual levels. Prevalence rates depend on how exactly DB is defined and measured. The rise of overweight and obesity, even in rural areas, and their coexistence with different forms of undernutrition are challenges for food and nutrition policies.
超重/肥胖和营养不足同时存在通常被称为营养不良的双重负担（DB）。这种情况在许多发展中国家存在，尤其是在城市地区。在发展中国家的农村地区，这种情况则鲜为人知。此外，DB 的确切定义在不同的研究中有所不同，这使得比较变得困难。本研究的目的是使用和比较不同的 DB 定义和测量方法，分析肯尼亚农村地区的 DB 问题。
通过在肯尼亚西部农村地区进行横断面调查，收集了 874 名男性和女性成年人以及 184 名 5 岁以下儿童的饮食摄入和人体测量数据。个体层面的 DB 定义为同时患有超重/肥胖和微量营养素缺乏或发育迟缓的人。家庭层面的 DB 定义为超重/肥胖的成年人和生活在同一家庭中的营养不良儿童，使用消瘦、发育迟缓、消瘦和微量营养素缺乏作为儿童营养不良的指标。
个体层面的 DB 发生率为 19%，但在儿童中仅为 1%。当使用消瘦或体重不足作为儿童营养不良的指标时，家庭层面的 DB 发生率相对较低（1-3%），但当使用发育迟缓或微量营养素缺乏作为指标时，DB 发生率则较高（13-17%）。
在肯尼亚农村地区，家庭和个体层面都存在各种形式的 DB 问题。流行率取决于 DB 的确切定义和测量方式。超重和肥胖的出现，即使在农村地区，以及它们与不同形式的营养不良的共存，都是粮食和营养政策面临的挑战。
