Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, V.Pavlou and I. Metaxa str., 152 36 Athens, Greece.
Department of Shipping, Transport and Trade, University of the Aegean, Chios, 82100 Greece.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Feb;257:113598. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113598. Epub 2019 Nov 9.
Air pollution is one of the most important branches of environmental science as it affects human health, climate and ecosystems. Emissions of air pollutants from transport (vehicles and ships) in port cities strongly affect air quality at local scales, warranting for a combination of theoretical and experimental studies to identify pollution hotspots. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for developing a hybrid emission inventory from transport sector for two port cities located respectively on the Northern Aegean islands of Chios and Lesvos. Emission inventories were constructed for the year 2014 based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Official data from local authorities and survey results were used for the calculation of emissions. Traffic emissions were spatially allocated to the road network based on population data and hourly traffic counts, and distributed over time (on an hourly basis) with the use of local temporal coefficients. Regarding carbon monoxide road emissions, the highest quantities are mainly emitted by Passenger Cars (43%,32% in Chios and Lesvos respectively) while for PM emissions, trucks have the largest share (66% in Chios and 86% in Lesvos). The pollutants that are emitted in greater quantities from the ships at the ports of Mytilene and Chios are NO, followed by SO and CO. Most of the ship emissions in the ports occur by the ships at berth, as they remain berthed for hours whereas maneuvering lasts 15-20 min. As for the daily contribution of the two transport sources to the pollution profile of Mytilene, road emissions are higher for almost all pollutants. However, the contribution of ship emissions is not negligible, especially during the touristic period when marine traffic increases and emissions close to the port area become more important than those from road transport.
空气污染是环境科学的一个重要分支，因为它会影响人类健康、气候和生态系统。港口城市交通（车辆和船舶）排放的空气污染物强烈影响当地尺度的空气质量，因此需要结合理论和实验研究来确定污染热点。本文的目的是为位于北爱琴海基西拉岛和莱斯沃斯岛的两个港口城市的交通部门开发一种混合排放清单提供一种方法。根据自上而下和自下而上的方法，为 2014 年构建了排放清单。当地当局的官方数据和调查结果用于计算排放量。交通排放根据人口数据和每小时交通计数分配到道路网络上，并使用当地时间系数在时间上（每小时）分布。关于一氧化碳的道路排放，乘用车排放量最高（43%，基西拉岛和莱斯沃斯岛分别为 32%），而对于 PM 排放，卡车的份额最大（基西拉岛为 66%，莱斯沃斯岛为 86%）。米蒂利尼和基西拉港口船舶排放的污染物中，NO 的排放量最大，其次是 SO 和 CO。由于船舶在港口停留数小时，而操纵仅持续 15-20 分钟，因此船舶在港口的大部分排放发生在停泊的船舶上。就两个交通源对米蒂利尼污染状况的每日贡献而言，几乎所有污染物的道路排放都更高。然而，船舶排放的贡献不可忽视，尤其是在旅游旺季，海上交通量增加，港口区域附近的排放变得比道路交通排放更为重要。
