Nunes R A O, Alvim-Ferraz M C M, Martins F G, Sousa S I V
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Dec;231(Pt 2):1370-1379. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.112. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
In the last few years, ship emissions have attracted growing attention in the scientific community. The main reason is the constant increase of marine emissions over the last twenty years due to the intensification of port traffic. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate ship emissions (PM, PM, NO, SO, CO, CO, NO CH, NMVOC, and HC) through the activity-based methodology in four of the main ports of Portugal (Leixões, Setúbal, Sines and Viana do Castelo) during 2013 and 2014. The analysis was performed according to ship types (bulk carrier, container, general cargo, passenger, Ro-Ro cargo, tanker and others) and operational modes (manoeuvring, hotelling and during cruising). Results indicated that tankers were the largest emitters in two of the four analysed ports. Regarding cruising emissions, container ships were the largest emitters. . CO, NO and SO estimated emissions represented more than 95% of the cruising and in-port emissions. Results were also compared with the total national emissions reported by the Portuguese Environment Agency, and if the in-port emissions estimated in the present study would have been taken into account to these totals, emissions of NO and SO would increase 15% and 24% in 2013 and 16% and 28% in 2014. Summing up ships seem to be an important source of air pollution, mainly regarding NO and SO.
在过去几年中，船舶排放问题在科学界引起了越来越多的关注。主要原因是由于港口交通的集约化，在过去二十年里海洋排放持续增加。因此，本研究旨在通过基于活动的方法，对2013年和2014年葡萄牙四个主要港口（莱肖埃斯、塞图巴尔、锡尼什和维亚纳堡）的船舶排放（颗粒物、细颗粒物、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、一氧化二氮、非甲烷挥发性有机物和碳氢化合物）进行评估。分析是根据船舶类型（散货船、集装箱船、杂货船、客船、滚装货船、油轮及其他）和运营模式（操纵、停泊和巡航）进行的。结果表明，在四个分析港口中的两个，油轮是最大的排放源。关于巡航排放，集装箱船是最大的排放源。一氧化碳、氮氧化物和二氧化硫的估计排放量占巡航和港内排放的95%以上。研究结果还与葡萄牙环境局报告的全国总排放量进行了比较，如果将本研究中估计的港内排放量纳入这些总量，2013年氮氧化物和二氧化硫的排放量将分别增加15%和24%，2014年将分别增加16%和28%。总之，船舶似乎是空气污染的一个重要来源，主要涉及氮氧化物和二氧化硫。
