Mokolane Ntjeke S, Minne Cornelia, Dehnavi Alireza
Department of Radiology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Radiology, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa.
SA J Radiol. 2019 Mar 13;23(1):1677. doi: 10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1677. eCollection 2019.
Basal skull fractures (BSFs) have been reported to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the literature, particularly in young male patients. However, there are limited data available on the aetiology, prevalence and patterns of such observed in South Africa.
To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of BSF in head injury patients referred to Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa.
Patients of all ages with head injuries were considered for the study, and those who met the inclusion criteria were scanned using a 128-slice multidetector helical computed tomography (CT) machine after obtaining consent. Data were prospectively obtained over a 6-month period, interpreted on an advanced workstation by two readers and statistically analysed.
The prevalence of BSF in this study was found to be 15.2%. The majority of patients (80.5%) were under 40 years old, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The most common aetiology of BSF was assault, which accounted for 46% of cases. The middle cranial fossa was the most frequently fractured compartment, while the petrous bone was the most commonly fractured bone. There was a statistically significant association between head injury severity and BSF, and between the number of fracture lines and associated signs of BSF ( < 0.001). The sensitivity of clinical signs in predicting BSF was 31%, while specificity was 89.3% ( = 0.004).
The prevalence and pattern of BSF found were consistent with data from previously published studies, although, dissimilarly, assault was found to be the most common aetiology in this study.
据文献报道，颅底骨折（BSF）是发病和死亡的主要原因，尤其是在年轻男性患者中。然而，关于南非此类骨折的病因、患病率和模式的数据有限。
评估转诊至南非豪登省乔治·穆卡里学术医院的头部受伤患者中颅底骨折的患病率和模式。
本研究纳入所有年龄段的头部受伤患者，获得同意后，使用128层多探测器螺旋计算机断层扫描（CT）机对符合纳入标准的患者进行扫描。前瞻性地收集6个月期间的数据，由两名阅片者在先进的工作站上进行解读并进行统计分析。
本研究中颅底骨折的患病率为15.2%。大多数患者（80.5%）年龄在40岁以下，男女比例为3:1。颅底骨折最常见的病因是袭击，占病例的46%。中颅窝是最常发生骨折的区域，而岩骨是最常发生骨折的骨头。头部损伤严重程度与颅底骨折之间以及骨折线数量与颅底骨折相关体征之间存在统计学显著关联（<0.001）。临床体征预测颅底骨折的敏感性为31%，特异性为89.3%（=0.004）。
本研究中发现的颅底骨折患病率和模式与先前发表的研究数据一致，不过，不同的是，本研究中袭击被发现是最常见的病因。
