Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agriculture, department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Selale University, Fitche 245, Ethiopia.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 10;703:134852. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134852. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
Dietary grain ingestion is the primary route of human exposure to the adverse effects of Cd; therefore, an understanding of the transfer characteristics of Cd in a system involving soil, grain, and humans is crucial for health risk alleviation and pollution control. In this study, Cd bioaccessibility and bioavailability for humans from grains of sweet maize (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) cultivars grown on a contaminated field (1.05 mg Cd kg soil) were assessed by combining a simulated in vitro digestion method with a Caco-2 cell model. Results showed that cultivars differed significantly in grain Cd concentration, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability with the corresponding values of 0.07 to 0.20 mg kg DW (dry weight), 4.10 to 6.20%, and 0.01 to 0.04 µg ggrain, respectively. The estimated daily intake of Cd through sweet maize grain was within the range of 0.04 and 0.25 μg kg body weight, which is lower than the tolerable limit recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA). Conclusively, results from the present study indicate that most grain Cd remains non-bioaccessible and thus might not present adverse health effects in humans. Therefore, sweet maize cultivars could be used to produce healthy food crops in low-to-moderately Cd-contaminated soil.
饮食谷物摄入是人类接触 Cd 不良影响的主要途径；因此，了解土壤、谷物和人类系统中 Cd 的迁移特性对于减轻健康风险和控制污染至关重要。在这项研究中，通过结合模拟体外消化方法和 Caco-2 细胞模型，评估了在受污染田地（土壤中 Cd 含量为 1.05mgkg）上种植的甜玉米（Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa）品种的谷物对人体 Cd 的生物可及性和生物利用度。结果表明，不同品种的谷物 Cd 浓度、生物可及性和生物利用度存在显著差异，相应值分别为 0.07 至 0.20mgkg DW（干重）、4.10 至 6.20%和 0.01 至 0.04µgggrain。通过甜玉米谷物摄入的 Cd 日估计摄入量在 0.04 和 0.25μgkg 体重之间，低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JEFCA）建议的可耐受限量。总之，本研究结果表明，大多数谷物 Cd 仍然不可生物利用，因此不会对人类健康产生不良影响。因此，甜玉米品种可以用于在低至中度 Cd 污染的土壤中生产健康的粮食作物。
