Parker-Graham Christine, Clayton Leigh A, Mangus Lisa M
US Fish and Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503, USA.
Animal Care, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2020 Jan;23(1):215-230. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2019.09.005.
Amphibians are a remarkably diverse group of vertebrates with lifestyles ranging from fully aquatic to entirely terrestrial. Although some aspects of renal anatomy and physiology are similar among all amphibians, species differences in nitrogenous waste production and broad normal variation in plasma osmolality and composition make definitive antemortem diagnosis of renal disease challenging. Treatment is often empirical and aimed at addressing possible underlying infection, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation, and optimizing husbandry practices to support metabolic and fluid homeostasis. This article reviews amphibian renal anatomy and physiology, provides recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic options, and discusses etiologies of renal disease.
两栖动物是一类脊椎动物，种类极为多样，其生活方式从完全水生到完全陆生不等。尽管所有两栖动物的肾脏解剖结构和生理功能在某些方面相似，但含氮废物产生的物种差异以及血浆渗透压和成分的广泛正常变化使得对肾脏疾病进行明确的生前诊断具有挑战性。治疗通常是经验性的，旨在应对可能的潜在感染、减少异常液体蓄积，并优化饲养管理措施以维持代谢和液体平衡。本文回顾了两栖动物的肾脏解剖结构和生理功能，提供了诊断和治疗选择的建议，并讨论了肾脏疾病的病因。
