Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
La Jolla Alcohol Research Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Mar;237(3):613-625. doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05400-2. Epub 2019 Nov 23.
Non-contingent chronic nicotine exposure procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years, culminating in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) to deliver vaporized drugs to rodents in standard housing chambers.
The aim of the current work was to use ENDS to test concentration-dependent effects of nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation on blood-nicotine concentrations, blood-cotinine concentrations, and somatic withdrawal signs over time in rats.
Male Wistar rats were exposed to vapor containing various concentrations of nicotine (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) for 11 days through ENDS, and blood concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, the major proximate metabolite of nicotine, as well as spontaneous and precipitated somatic withdrawal signs, were measured over time (across days of exposure and over hours after termination of vapor exposure).
Exposing male Wistar rats to non-contingent nicotine vapor inhalation through ENDS produces somatic withdrawal symptoms and measurable blood-nicotine and blood-cotinine levels that change according to (1) concentration of nicotine in vape solution, (2) number of days of nicotine vapor exposure, (3) time since termination of nicotine vapor exposure, and (4) relative to the withdrawal signs, whether withdrawal was spontaneous or precipitated (by mecamylamine).
The data presented here provide parameters that can be used as a reasonable starting point for future work that employs ENDS to deliver non-contingent nicotine vapor in rats, although many parameters can and should be altered to match the specific goals of future work.
近年来，非条件性慢性尼古丁暴露程序迅速发展，最终出现了电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS 或电子烟），可将雾化药物输送到标准饲养室中的啮齿动物体内。
本研究旨在使用 ENDS 测试尼古丁电子烟蒸气吸入对大鼠血液中尼古丁浓度、血液可替宁浓度以及随时间推移出现的躯体戒断症状的浓度依赖性影响。
雄性 Wistar 大鼠通过 ENDS 连续 11 天暴露于含有不同浓度尼古丁（20、40、80mg/ml）的蒸气中，并测量随时间变化的尼古丁和可替宁（尼古丁的主要近似代谢物）的血液浓度，以及自发性和诱发的躯体戒断症状。
通过 ENDS 使雄性 Wistar 大鼠非条件性地吸入尼古丁蒸气会产生躯体戒断症状和可测量的血液尼古丁和血液可替宁水平，这些水平会根据以下因素发生变化：（1）蒸气中尼古丁的浓度；（2）尼古丁蒸气暴露的天数；（3）尼古丁蒸气暴露终止后的时间；以及（4）与戒断症状有关，是自发性戒断还是（由美加明）诱发戒断。
这里提供的数据可以作为未来使用 ENDS 向大鼠提供非条件性尼古丁蒸气的工作的合理起点，尽管可以并且应该改变许多参数以适应未来工作的具体目标。
