College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.
Environ Int. 2020 Jan;134:105298. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105298. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are novel nanomaterials with excellent physicochemical properties, which are widely used in biomedicine, energy and sensing. Besides, CNMs also play an important role in environmental pollution control, which can absorb heavy metals, antibiotics and harmful gases. However, CNMs are inevitably entering the environment while they are rapidly developing. They are harmful to living organisms in the environment and are difficult to degrade under natural conditions. Here, we systematically describe the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GRA) and C to cells, animals, humans, and microorganisms. According to the current research results, the toxicity mechanism is summarized, including oxidative stress response, mechanical damage and effects on biological enzymes. In addition, according to the latest research progress, we focus on the two major degradation methods of chemical degradation and biodegradation of CNTs, GRA and C. Meanwhile, the reaction conditions and degradation mechanisms of degradation are respectively stated. Moreover, we have prospects for the limitations of CNM degradation under non-experimental conditions and their potential application.
碳纳米材料（CNMs）是具有优异物理化学性质的新型纳米材料，广泛应用于生物医药、能源和传感等领域。此外，CNMs 在环境污染控制方面也发挥着重要作用，可吸附重金属、抗生素和有害气体。然而，随着碳纳米材料的快速发展，它们不可避免地会进入环境，对环境中的生物产生危害，并且在自然条件下难以降解。在这里，我们系统地描述了碳纳米管（CNTs）、石墨烯（GRA）和 C 对细胞、动物、人类和微生物的毒性。根据目前的研究结果，总结了其毒性机制，包括氧化应激反应、机械损伤和对生物酶的影响。此外，根据最新的研究进展，我们重点介绍了 CNTs、GRA 和 C 的两种主要降解方法：化学降解和生物降解。同时，分别说明了降解的反应条件和降解机制。此外，我们还对 CNM 在非实验条件下的降解的局限性及其潜在应用进行了展望。
