Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, USA.
Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Apr;23(4):390-395. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.11.005. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
This study examined relationships between specific types of physical activity (PA) and motor skill development in preschool-aged children.
This study was completed using a cross-sectional study design.
Data from children 3-5years old (N=342, 51% males) who participated in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey were analyzed. PA was measured using a questionnaire by parent report and motor skill development determined by Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between PA type and overall Gross Motor Quotient (GMQ) controlling for age, sex, race, and parental socioeconomic status.
Commonly reported activities were running (43%), playing outdoor games (35%), and riding a bike (34%). Based on the standard scores, participants' motor skill development for Locomotor, Object Control, and overall GMQ were considered average. Participation in the following physical activities were positively associated with GMQ: riding a bike (β (SE)=5.27 (2.02), p=0.02), scooter riding (β (SE)=9.83 (2.59), p=0.002), swimming (β (SE)=4.01 (1.17), p=0.004), and jumping on a trampoline (β (SE)=7.45 (3.09), p=0.03). With the exception of riding a bike, the physical activities positively related to GMQ had a reported range of participation between 7-12%.
Participation in specific physical activities was related to higher GMQ in preschool-aged children. Also, with the exception of riding a bike, the activities that the children participated in the most were not the same as the activities that were positively related to motor skill development.
本研究探讨了学前儿童特定类型的身体活动（PA）与运动技能发展之间的关系。
本研究采用横断面研究设计完成。
对参加 2012 年全国青少年体质健康调查的 3-5 岁儿童（N=342，男性占 51%）的数据进行了分析。通过家长报告测量 PA，通过儿童运动技能测试-第二版（TGMD-2）确定运动技能发展。在控制年龄、性别、种族和父母社会经济地位的情况下，采用多元回归分析来检验 PA 类型与整体粗大运动商（GMQ）之间的关系。
常见的活动包括跑步（43%）、玩户外游戏（35%）和骑自行车（34%）。根据标准分数，参与者的运动技能发展在移动、物体控制和整体 GMQ 方面被认为是平均水平。参加以下体育活动与 GMQ 呈正相关：骑自行车（β（SE）=5.27（2.02），p=0.02）、滑板车骑行（β（SE）=9.83（2.59），p=0.002）、游泳（β（SE）=4.01（1.17），p=0.004）和在蹦床上跳跃（β（SE）=7.45（3.09），p=0.03）。除了骑自行车，与 GMQ 呈正相关的体育活动的参与率在 7-12%之间。
参加特定的体育活动与学前儿童较高的 GMQ 有关。此外，除了骑自行车，孩子们参与最多的活动与运动技能发展呈正相关的活动并不相同。
