Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Ratchaburi Campus, Bangmod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Feb 8;113(1):34-42. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz298.
Domestication of animal species is often associated with a reduction in genetic diversity. The honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, has been managed by beekeepers for millennia for both honey and wax production and for crop pollination. Here we use both microsatellite markers and sequence data from the mitochondrial COI gene to evaluate genetic variation of managed A. mellifera in Thailand, where the species is introduced. Microsatellite analysis revealed high average genetic diversity with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.620 ± 0.184 to 0.734 ± 0.071 per locus per province. Observed heterozygosities were generally lower than those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, both locally and across the population as a whole. Mitochondrial sequencing revealed that the frequency of two evolutionary linages (C-Eastern European and O-Middle Eastern) are similar to those observed in a previous survey 10 yr ago. Our results suggest that Thai beekeepers are managing their A. mellifera in ways that retain overall genetic diversity, but reduce genetic diversity between apiaries.
家养动物物种的遗传多样性通常会降低。蜜蜂（Apis mellifera Linnaeus，1758 年）已经被养蜂人管理了数千年，用于生产蜂蜜和蜂蜡以及为农作物授粉。在这里，我们使用微卫星标记和来自线粒体 COI 基因的序列数据来评估在泰国引入的家养蜜蜂的遗传变异情况。微卫星分析显示，平均遗传多样性较高，每个省每个位点的预期杂合度范围从 0.620±0.184 到 0.734±0.071。局部和整个种群的观察杂合度通常低于哈迪-温伯格平衡预期值。线粒体测序表明，两种进化谱系（C-东欧和 O-中东）的频率与 10 年前的一项先前调查中观察到的频率相似。我们的研究结果表明，泰国养蜂人管理他们的蜜蜂的方式在保持整体遗传多样性的同时，减少了蜂场之间的遗传多样性。
