Chapman Nadine C, Lim Julianne, Oldroyd Benjamin P
School of Biological Sciences A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
J Econ Entomol. 2008 Apr;101(2):272-7. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[272:pgocaf]2.0.co;2.
Due to the introduction of exotic honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) diseases in the eastern states, the borders of the state of Western Australia were closed to the import of bees for breeding and other purposes > 25 yr ago. To provide genetically improved stock for the industry, a closed population breeding program was established that now provides stock for the majority of Western Australian beekeepers. Given concerns that inbreeding may have resulted from the closed population breeding structure, we assessed the genetic diversity within and between the breeding lines by using microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. We found that the breeding population still maintains considerable genetic diversity, despite 25 yr of selective breeding. We also investigated the genetic distance of the closed population breeding program to that of beekeepers outside of the program, and the feral Western Australian honey bee population. The feral population is genetically distinct from the closed population, but not from the genetic stock maintained by beekeepers outside of the program. The honey bees of Western Australia show three mitotypes, originating from two subspecies: Apis mellifera ligustica (mitotypes C1 and M7b) and Apis mellifera iberica (mitotype M6). Only mitotypes C1 and M6 are present in the commercial populations. The feral population contains all three mitotypes.
由于东部各州引入了外来蜜蜂（意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.）疾病，西澳大利亚州的边境在25多年前就禁止为繁殖及其他目的进口蜜蜂。为给该行业提供遗传改良种群，建立了一个封闭种群育种计划，该计划现在为大多数西澳大利亚养蜂人提供种群。鉴于担心封闭的种群育种结构可能导致近亲繁殖，我们使用微卫星和线粒体标记评估了育种品系内部和之间的遗传多样性。我们发现，尽管经过了25年的选择性育种，育种种群仍然保持着相当大的遗传多样性。我们还研究了封闭种群育种计划与计划外养蜂人以及西澳大利亚野生蜜蜂种群之间的遗传距离。野生种群在基因上与封闭种群不同，但与计划外养蜂人所维持的遗传种群并无差异。西澳大利亚的蜜蜂表现出三种线粒体类型，起源于两个亚种：意大利蜜蜂（线粒体类型C1和M7b）和伊比利亚蜜蜂（线粒体类型M6）。商业种群中仅存在线粒体类型C1和M6。野生种群包含所有三种线粒体类型。
