Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019 Nov 26;19(12):100. doi: 10.1007/s11910-019-1014-z.
Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with a unique acquired central nervous system demyelinating disease-termed MOG-IgG-associated disorder (MOGAD)-which has a variety of clinical manifestations, including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, acute disseminating encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, treatments, and outcomes of MOGAD, with a focus on optic neuritis.
The recent development of a reproducible, live cell-based assay for MOG-IgG, has improved our ability to identify and study this disease. Based on contemporary studies, it has become increasingly evident that MOGAD is distinct from multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with different clinical features and treatment outcomes. There is now sufficient evidence to separate MOGAD from other inflammatory central nervous system demyelinating disorders, which will allow focused research on understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Prospective treatment trials are needed to determine the best course of treatment, and until then, treatment plans must be individualized to the clinical manifestations and severity of disease.
髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）抗体与一种独特的获得性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病相关，称为 MOG-IgG 相关疾病（MOGAD），其具有多种临床表现，包括视神经炎、横贯性脊髓炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎和脑干脑炎。在本综述中，我们总结了 MOGAD 的临床特征、神经影像学、治疗和结局的最新知识，重点关注视神经炎。
用于 MOG-IgG 的重现性、活细胞检测方法的最新发展，提高了我们识别和研究这种疾病的能力。基于当代研究，越来越明显的是，MOGAD 与多发性硬化症和水通道蛋白-4 阳性视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍不同，具有不同的临床特征和治疗结局。现在有足够的证据将 MOGAD 与其他炎症性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病区分开来，这将有助于集中研究疾病的病理生理学。需要进行前瞻性治疗试验来确定最佳治疗方案，在那之前，必须根据临床表现和疾病严重程度制定个体化的治疗计划。
