印度尼西亚泗水女性进行乳房自我检查实践的决定因素：健康信念模型的应用。
Determinants of breast self-examination practice among women in Surabaya, Indonesia: an application of the health belief model.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 27;19(1):1581. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7951-2.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer has become one of the most common causes of mortality among Indonesian women. Many women in Indonesia present with late-stage breast cancer, negatively affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. Better prognosis of breast cancer will be achieved if it is diagnosed in an earlier stage, thus efforts to detect breast cancer earlier are important. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is considered as an important first step to encourage women to actively be responsible for their own health, especially for women in low-and middle-income countries with limited resources and access to other forms of preventive healthcare (e.g., screening programs). The present study aimed to predict BSE practice among women in Surabaya, Indonesia using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
METHODS
This investigation was a cross-sectional survey which was distributed among 1967 women aged 20-60 years. The Indonesian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (I-CHBMS) was used to explain self-reported BSE practice. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of HBM variables with BSE practice.
RESULTS
44.4% of the respondents indicated they had performed BSE. Further, the results indicated that the HBM variables were significantly associated with BSE practice. Specifically, higher perceived benefits and self-efficacy, lower perceived barriers and less cues to action were unique correlates of BSE practice. The result also showed that perceived severity and susceptibility were not associated with BSE practice.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that several HBM constructs significantly associated with BSE practice among Indonesian women, suggesting that BSE health education programs should emphasize the perceived benefits of BSE, focus on increasing women's self-efficacy to address and overcome perceived barriers in performing BSE, and help them in identifying personally relevant cues to action.
背景
乳腺癌已成为印度尼西亚女性死亡的主要原因之一。印度尼西亚的许多女性就诊时已处于晚期乳腺癌，这对预后和治疗结果产生负面影响。如果能在早期诊断出乳腺癌，那么预后会更好，因此，尽早发现乳腺癌的努力非常重要。乳房自我检查（BSE）被认为是鼓励女性积极为自身健康负责的重要第一步，尤其是在资源有限、无法获得其他形式的预防性保健（如筛查计划）的中低收入国家的女性。本研究旨在使用健康信念模型（HBM）预测印度尼西亚泗水市女性的 BSE 实践情况。
方法
本研究为横断面调查，共调查了 1967 名年龄在 20-60 岁的女性。采用印度尼西亚版冠军健康信念模型量表（I-CHBMS）解释自我报告的 BSE 实践情况。使用逻辑回归分析检验 HBM 变量与 BSE 实践的相关性。
结果
44.4%的受访者表示她们进行了 BSE。此外，结果表明 HBM 变量与 BSE 实践显著相关。具体而言，较高的感知益处和自我效能、较低的感知障碍和较少的行动线索是 BSE 实践的独特相关因素。结果还表明，感知严重性和易感性与 BSE 实践无关。
结论
本研究表明，HBM 的几个构念与印度尼西亚女性的 BSE 实践显著相关，这表明 BSE 健康教育计划应强调 BSE 的感知益处，注重提高女性进行 BSE 的自我效能，以应对和克服进行 BSE 时的感知障碍，并帮助她们识别个人相关的行动线索。
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