Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 5 Longfellow Place, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Dec;16(6):482-491. doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00467-0.
Metabolic comorbidities including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of which are traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors that are highly prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). Bone disease including osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures is also prevalent in PWH. These comorbidities may be prevented and treated in part with lifestyle modification, including changes to dietary and physical habits. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature that characterizes current lifestyle habits in PWH as well as the effectiveness of lifestyle strategies to improve metabolic comorbidities prevalent in PWH.
Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding the current lifestyle habits of PWH as well as the potential for lifestyle modification to prevent or improve comorbidities prevalent in PWH. Clinical trials focusing on lifestyle modification have shown some benefit of such interventions on traditional risk factors for comorbidities; however, significant heterogeneity exists between studies and results are not consistent. Further clinical trials are needed including developing lifestyle strategies that are feasible, effective, and sustainable to prevent and decrease prevalence of comorbidities in this population.
代谢性合并症包括糖尿病、肥胖症、血脂异常和高血压，这些都是 HIV 感染者（PWH）中常见的传统心血管疾病危险因素。骨疾病，包括骨质疏松症、骨质疏松症和脆性骨折，在 PWH 中也很常见。这些合并症可以通过生活方式改变来预防和治疗，包括改变饮食和身体习惯。本文的目的是强调最近的文献，这些文献描述了 PWH 的当前生活方式习惯，以及生活方式策略对改善 PWH 中常见代谢合并症的有效性。
最近的研究扩展了我们对 PWH 当前生活方式习惯的认识，以及通过生活方式改变来预防或改善 PWH 中常见合并症的可能性。专注于生活方式改变的临床试验表明，这种干预措施对合并症的传统危险因素有一定的益处；然而，研究之间存在显著的异质性，结果不一致。需要进一步的临床试验，包括制定可行、有效和可持续的生活方式策略，以预防和减少这一人群中合并症的发生。
