Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2020 May;20(3):433-458. doi: 10.1007/s10142-019-00718-8. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
Oilseed crop oils contain a variety of unsaturated fatty acids that are synthesized and regulated by fatty acid desaturases (FADs). In this study, 14 FAD3 (ω3 desaturase) protein sequences from oilseeds are analyzed and presented through the application of several computational tools. The results indicated a close relationship between Brassica napus and Camelina sativa, as well as between Salvia hispanica and Perilla frutescens FAD3s, due to a high similarity in codon preferences in codon usage clusters and the phylogenetic tree. The cis-acting element results reveal that the seed-specific promoter region of BnFAD3 contains the critical conserved boxes such as HSE and ABRE, which are involved in responsiveness to heat stress and abscisic acid. The presence of the aforementioned conserved boxes may increase cold acclimation as well as tolerance to drought and high salinity. Omega(ω)3 desaturases contain a Skn-1 motif which is a cis-acting regulatory element required involved in endosperm development. In oilseed FAD3s, leucine is the most repeated amino acid in FAD3 proteins. The study conveyed that B. napus, Camelina sativa, Linum usitatissimum, Vernicia fordii, Gossypium hirsutum, S. hispanica, Cannabis sativa, and P. frutescens have retention signal KXKXX/XKXX at their c-terminus sites, which is one of the most important characteristics of FADs. Additionally, it was found that BnFAD3 is a transmembrane protein that can convert ω6 to ω3 fatty acids and may simultaneously act as a potassium ion channel in the ER.
油料作物油含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,这些脂肪酸是由脂肪酸去饱和酶(FADs)合成和调节的。在这项研究中,分析了来自油料作物的 14 种 FAD3(ω3 去饱和酶)蛋白序列,并通过应用几种计算工具进行了呈现。结果表明,由于在密码子使用聚类和系统发育树中密码子偏好的高度相似性,油菜和荠蓝以及丹参和紫苏 FAD3 之间存在密切关系。顺式作用元件的结果表明,BnFAD3 的种子特异性启动子区域包含关键的保守盒,如 HSE 和 ABRE,这些盒参与对热胁迫和脱落酸的响应。上述保守盒的存在可能会增加对寒冷适应以及对干旱和高盐度的耐受性。ω3 去饱和酶包含一个 Skn-1 基序,这是一个顺式作用的调节元件,需要参与胚乳发育。在油料作物的 FAD3 中,亮氨酸是 FAD3 蛋白中重复最多的氨基酸。研究表明,油菜、荠蓝、亚麻、桐油、陆地棉、丹参、大麻和紫苏在其 C 末端位点具有保留信号 KXKXX / XKXX,这是 FADs 的最重要特征之一。此外,还发现 BnFAD3 是一种跨膜蛋白,可将 ω6 转化为 ω3 脂肪酸,并且可能同时在 ER 中充当钾离子通道。
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