Stene J K, Stofberg L, MacDonald G, Myers R A, Ramzy A, Burns B
Department of Anesthesiology, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, Baltimore.
Am J Emerg Med. 1988 Nov;6(6):634-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(88)90109-x.
Forty-six patients with moderate to severe pain caused by orthopedic injuries, burns, multiple trauma, or intraabdominal conditions were treated with intravenous (IV) nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain; DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) by paramedics before arrival at the hospital. Patients who weighed less than 60 kg received 15 mg nalbuphine, and patients weighing greater than 60 kg received 20 mg nalbuphine. Forty-one of 46 patients (89%) experienced pain relief from nalbuphine, with maximum relief occurring within 15 minutes after the administration of the drug. Two addicted patients received no pain relief. There were no untoward side effects following nalbuphine administration, and the patients' heart rates, mean arterial pressures, and respiratory rates remained constant and stable throughout the study period. Repeated assessment of the patient by paramedics in the field was not impaired by nalbuphine treatment. In summary, nalbuphine hydrochloride is a useful and safe analgesic drug for IV use by paramedics in the prehospital setting.
46名因骨科损伤、烧伤、多发伤或腹腔内疾病而导致中重度疼痛的患者，在抵达医院之前由护理人员通过静脉注射盐酸纳布啡（Nubain；杜邦制药公司，特拉华州威尔明顿）进行治疗。体重不足60公斤的患者接受15毫克纳布啡，体重超过60公斤的患者接受20毫克纳布啡。46名患者中有41名（89%）的疼痛通过纳布啡得到缓解，用药后15分钟内疼痛缓解最为明显。两名成瘾患者未获得疼痛缓解。使用纳布啡后未出现不良副作用，在整个研究期间患者的心率、平均动脉压和呼吸频率保持恒定且稳定。护理人员在现场对患者进行的重复评估未因纳布啡治疗而受到影响。总之，盐酸纳布啡是护理人员在院前环境中静脉使用的一种有用且安全的镇痛药。
