Shimamura Keiichi, Inoue Takeshi, Ichikawa Hiroko, Nakato Emi, Sakuta Yuiko, Kanazawa So, Yamaguchi Masami K, Kakigi Ryusuke, Sakuta Ryoichi
1Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50, Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama-Ken, 343-8555 Japan.
2Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
Biopsychosoc Med. 2019 Nov 28;13:30. doi: 10.1186/s13030-019-0172-1. eCollection 2019.
School-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, in addition to impaired facial expression perception and recognition. For successful social interactions, the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is critical. However, there are no published reports on the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces by children with ADHD.
We evaluated the neural correlates of familiar and unfamiliar facial recognition in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic responses on the bilateral temporal regions while participants looked at photographs of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nine boys with ADHD and 14 age-matched TD boys participated in the study. fNIRS data were Z-scored prior to analysis.
During familiar face processing, TD children only showed significant activity in the late phase, while ADHD children showed significant activity in both the early and late phases. Additionally, the boys with ADHD did not show right hemispheric lateralization to familiar faces.
This study is the first to assess brain activity during familiar face processing in boys with ADHD using fNIRS. These findings of atypical patterns of brain activity in boys with ADHD may be related to social cognitive impairments from ADHD.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的学龄儿童除了面部表情感知和识别受损外，在人际关系方面也存在困难。对于成功的社交互动而言，区分熟悉面孔和陌生面孔的能力至关重要。然而，尚无关于ADHD儿童对熟悉和陌生面孔识别的公开报道。
与发育正常（TD）的儿童相比，我们评估了ADHD儿童对熟悉和陌生面孔识别的神经相关性。当参与者观看熟悉和陌生面孔的照片时，我们使用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）来测量双侧颞区的血流动力学反应。九名患有ADHD的男孩和十四名年龄匹配的TD男孩参与了该研究。在分析之前，对fNIRS数据进行了Z分数标准化。
在处理熟悉面孔时，TD儿童仅在后期表现出显著活动，而ADHD儿童在早期和后期均表现出显著活动。此外，患有ADHD的男孩在熟悉面孔上未表现出右半球优势。
本研究首次使用fNIRS评估ADHD男孩在处理熟悉面孔时的大脑活动。ADHD男孩大脑活动的非典型模式的这些发现可能与ADHD导致的社会认知障碍有关。
