Evaluation of the MR and pathology characteristics immediately following percutaneous MR-guided microwave ablation in a rabbit kidney VX2 tumor implantation model.

This study aimed to evaluate the immediate efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) in rabbit kidneys implanted with VX2 tumors. MR-guided MWA was performed in eight VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits. MR images after ablation were obtained and analyzed. The differences between the tissue specimens and MR images obtained after ablation were compared. On the three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold T1-weighted (3D-VIBE-T1WI) sequence, a low signal intensity indicated the primary tumor at the center of the ablation area, which was surrounded by a peripheral high-signal area. The signal for the primary tumor in the fast spin-turbo spin-echo T2-weighted (FS-TSE-T2WI) sequence was lower than before, and the ablation zone showed a low signal that completely covered the primary tumor. There was no significant difference in volume among the low-signal areas of the primary tumor on FS-TSE-T2WI before MWA, the central low-signal area on 3D-VIBE-T1WI after MWA, and the tumor coagulation necrosis area on the tissue specimens ( 0.05). No significant difference was found in the volume of ablation zones among the tissue specimens, the high-signal area around the lesion on the 3D-VIBE-T1WI sequence, and the low-signal area covering the lesion on the FS-TSE-T2WI sequence ( 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method for immediate efficacy evaluation of rabbit renal VX2 tumors after MWA and can serve as a valuable reference for the clinical assessment of post-ablative renal tumors.