Lungu Mihail, Porosnicu Ioana, Dinca Paul, Velea Alin, Baiasu Flaviu, Butoi Bogdan, Pompilian Oana Gloria, Staicu Cornel, Anca Constantina Parau, Porosnicu Corneliu, Lungu Cristian, Tiseanu Ion
Low Temperature Plasma and Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Departments, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania.
Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Dec 6;12(24):4072. doi: 10.3390/ma12244072.
Reduced activation ferritic and martensitic steel like EUROFER (9Cr-1W) are considered as potential structural materials for the first wall of the future next-generation DEMOnstration Power Station (DEMO) fusion reactor and as a reference material for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) test blanket module. The primary motivation of this work is to study the re-deposition of the main constituent materials of EUROFER, namely tungsten (W), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr), in a DEMO type reactor by producing and analyzing complex WCrFe layers. The composite layers were produced in laboratory using the thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method, and the morphology, crystalline structure, elemental composition, and mechanical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF), and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES), as well as nanoindentation and tribology measurements. The results show that the layer morphology is textured and is highly dependent on sample positioning during the deposition process. The formation of polycrystalline WCrFe was observed for all samples with the exception of the sample positioned closer to Fe anode during deposition. The crystalline grain size dimension varied between 10 and 20 nm. The composition and thickness of the layers were strongly influenced by the in-situ coating position, and the elemental depth profiles show a non-uniform distribution of Fe and Cr in the layers. The highest hardness was measured for the sample positioned near the Cr anode, 6.84 GPa, and the lowest was 4.84 GPa, measured for the sample positioned near the W anode. The tribology measurements showed an abrasive sliding wear behavior for most of the samples with a reduction of the friction coefficient with the increase of the normal load.
像EUROFER（9Cr-1W）这样的低活化铁素体和马氏体钢被认为是未来下一代示范电站（DEMO）聚变反应堆第一壁的潜在结构材料，也是国际热核实验反应堆（ITER）试验包层模块的参考材料。这项工作的主要动机是通过制备和分析复杂的WCrFe层，研究EUROFER主要组成材料，即钨（W）、铁（Fe）和铬（Cr）在DEMO型反应堆中的再沉积情况。使用热离子真空电弧（TVA）方法在实验室制备了复合层，并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、微X射线荧光（micro-XRF）、辉光放电光发射光谱（GDOES）以及纳米压痕和摩擦学测量等手段研究了其形态、晶体结构、元素组成和力学性能。结果表明，层形态具有织构，并且高度依赖于沉积过程中的样品位置。除了在沉积过程中靠近Fe阳极定位的样品外，所有样品都观察到了多晶WCrFe的形成。晶粒尺寸在10到20纳米之间变化。层的组成和厚度受到原位涂层位置的强烈影响，元素深度分布表明Fe和Cr在层中分布不均匀。靠近Cr阳极定位的样品测得的硬度最高，为6.84 GPa，靠近W阳极定位的样品测得的硬度最低，为4.84 GPa。摩擦学测量表明，大多数样品表现出磨料滑动磨损行为，摩擦系数随着法向载荷的增加而降低。
