Varma M M, Ampy F R, Verma K, Talbot W W
Department of Civil Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.
J Appl Toxicol. 1988 Aug;8(4):243-8. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550080404.
Trihalomethanes, Carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene were tested in single, binary and multi-complex mixtures using standard tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium with and without addition of an in vitro metabolizing fraction S-9. Chloroform (CHCl3) was found to be mutagenic in all strains without S-9 activation. However, when tested with Bromoform (15%), which was nonmutagenic singly, the combined effect of the mixture was nonmutagenic. CCl4 was a direct mutagen (without S-9) in all strains except TA 1535. When combined with 85% CHCl3, only strains TA1535 and TA1537 were mutagenic. When tested with mammalian activation (S-9), CCl4 was mutagenic in all strains. However, when tested with CHCl3 (CHCl3 and CCl4-85:15), the mutagenic capability was lost. With or without S-9 Activation multi-complex mixture of CHCl3, CCl4 and TCE (85:8:7) was mutagenic for a narrow range of doses in all strains.
使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的标准测试菌株TA1535、TA1537、TA98和TA100，在添加和不添加体外代谢组分S-9的情况下，对三卤甲烷、四氯化碳和三氯乙烯进行单一、二元和多组分混合物测试。发现氯仿（CHCl₃）在所有菌株中不经过S-9激活就具有致突变性。然而，当与单独无致突变性的溴仿（15%）一起测试时，混合物的联合效应无致突变性。四氯化碳（CCl₄）在除TA 1535之外的所有菌株中都是直接致突变物（不经过S-9）。当与85%的CHCl₃混合时，只有菌株TA1535和TA1537具有致突变性。当进行哺乳动物激活（S-9）测试时，CCl₄在所有菌株中都具有致突变性。然而，当与CHCl₃（CHCl₃和CCl₄ - 85:15）一起测试时，致突变能力丧失。无论有无S-9激活，CHCl₃、CCl₄和三氯乙烯（TCE）的多组分混合物（85:8:7）在所有菌株中仅在窄剂量范围内具有致突变性。
