Department of Influenza Research - National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1251:107-113. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_454.
The World Health Organization estimates that influenza virus infects 3-5 million people worldwide every year, of whom 290,000 to 650,000 die. In the 2016/2017 epidemic season in Poland, the incidence of influenza was 1,692 per 100,000 population. The influenza A virus, subtype A/H3N2/, was the predominant one in that season. However, in the most recent 2017/2018 epidemic season, the incidence exceeded 1,782 per 100,000 already by August of 2018. In this season, influenza B virus predominated, while the A/H1N1/pdm09 strain was most frequent among the influenza A subtypes. The peak incidence, based on the number of clinical specimens tested, was in weeks 4-5 of 2017 and week 8 of 2018 in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 epidemic seasons, respectively. As of the 2017/2018 season, a quadrivalent vaccine, consisting of two antigens of influenza A subtypes and another two of influenza B virus, was available in Poland. Nonetheless, the vaccination rate remained at one of the lowest level in Europe, fluctuating between 3% and 4% of the general Polish population.
世界卫生组织估计，全球每年有 300 万至 500 万人感染流感病毒，其中 29 万至 65 万人死亡。在波兰 2016/2017 流感季节，流感发病率为每 10 万人 1692 例。在那个季节，甲型流感病毒，亚型 A/H3N2/，占主导地位。然而，在最近的 2017/2018 流感季节中，到 2018 年 8 月，发病率已经超过每 10 万人 1782 例。在这个季节中，乙型流感病毒占主导地位，而甲型流感 A/H1N1/pdm09 株是甲型流感亚型中最常见的。根据检测的临床标本数量，2016/2017 和 2017/2018 两个流感季节的发病率峰值分别出现在 2017 年第 4-5 周和 2018 年第 8 周。截至 2017/2018 季节，波兰已提供一种四价疫苗，由两种甲型流感亚型抗原和另外两种乙型流感病毒抗原组成。尽管如此，波兰的疫苗接种率仍然是欧洲最低的国家之一，在波兰总人口的 3%至 4%之间波动。
