Taverna Mara, Berberat Pascal O, Sattel Heribert, Frick Eckhard
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2019 Dec 3;10:1009-1019. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S224679. eCollection 2019.
Teaching about spirituality and health is recommended by the American Association of Medical Colleges and partially implemented in some US medical schools as well as in some faculties of other countries. We systematically surveyed Medical School Associate Deans for Student Affairs (ADSAs) in three German-speaking countries, assessing both projects on and attitudes towards Spiritual Care (SC) and the extent to which it is addressed in undergraduate (UME), graduate (GME), and continuing (CME) medical education (in this article, UME is understood as the complete basic medical education equivalent to college and Medical School. GME refers to the time of residency).
We executed a cross-sectional qualitative complete online-survey, addressing ADSAs of all accredited 46 medical schools in these countries. Anonymized responses could be analyzed from 25 (54.3%).
No faculty provides a mandatory course exclusively dedicated to SC. Fourteen medical schools have UME courses or contents on SC, and 9 incorporate SC in mandatory classes addressing other topics. While most of the respondents indicate that spirituality is important for (a) the patients for coping and (b) for health care in general and thus, support the teaching of SC in UME, only half of them indicate a need for an SC curriculum in UME. Even if funding and training support were available, only a few of the respondents would agree to provide more of the sparse curricular time.
A majority of the participating medical schools have curricular content on SC, predominantly in UME. However, most of the content is based on voluntary courses. Despite acknowledging its importance to patients, ADSAs and medical teachers are still reflecting on the divergences in patients' and doctors' spiritual orientations and its consequences for implementing spirituality into the medical education.
美国医学院协会建议开展关于灵性与健康的教学，且在美国一些医学院以及其他国家的部分院系已部分实施。我们对三个德语国家的医学院学生事务副院长进行了系统调查，评估了关于灵性照护（SC）的项目及态度，以及其在本科医学教育（UME）、研究生医学教育（GME）和继续医学教育（CME）中的涉及程度（在本文中，UME被理解为等同于大学和医学院的完整基础医学教育。GME指住院医师培训阶段）。
我们开展了一项横断面定性完全在线调查，针对这些国家所有46所获得认证的医学院的学生事务副院长。可对25份（54.3%）匿名回复进行分析。
没有院系开设专门针对SC的必修课程。14所医学院有关于SC的UME课程或内容，9所医学院将SC纳入涉及其他主题的必修课程中。虽然大多数受访者表示灵性对（a）患者应对疾病和（b）总体医疗保健很重要，因此支持在UME中开展SC教学，但只有一半的受访者表示UME需要SC课程。即使有资金和培训支持，也只有少数受访者会同意在稀少的课程时间里增加相关内容。
大多数参与调查的医学院有关于SC的课程内容，主要在UME中。然而，大多数内容基于自愿课程。尽管认识到其对患者的重要性，但学生事务副院长和医学教师仍在思考患者与医生灵性取向的差异及其对将灵性融入医学教育的影响。
