Pal Krishnendu, Madamsetty Vijay Sagar, Dutta Shamit Kumar, Wang Enfeng, Angom Ramcharan Singh, Mukhopadhyay Debabrata
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
NPJ Precis Oncol. 2019 Dec 5;3:31. doi: 10.1038/s41698-019-0105-2. eCollection 2019.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known for its highly vascular phenotype which is associated with elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). Accordingly, VEGF has been an attractive target for antiangiogenic therapies in ccRCC. Two major strategies have hitherto been utilized for VEGF-targeted antiangiogenic therapies: targeting VEGF by antibodies, ligand traps or aptamers, and targeting the VEGF receptor signaling via antibodies or small-molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In the present article we utilized two entirely different approaches: targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway that is known to be involved in VEGF synthesis, and disruption of VEGF/Neuroplin-1 (NRP1) axis that is known to activate proangiogenic and pro-tumorigenic signaling in endothelial and tumor cells, respectively. Everolimus (E) and a small-molecule inhibitor EG00229 (G) were used for the inhibition of mTOR and the disruption of VEGF/NRP1 axis, respectively. We also exploited a liposomal formulation decorated with a proprietary tumor-targeting-peptide (TTP) to simultaneously deliver these two agents in a tumor-targeted manner. The TTP-liposomes encapsulating both Everolimus and EG00229 (EG-L) demonstrated higher in vitro and in vivo growth retardation than the single drug-loaded liposomes (E-L and G-L) in two different ccRCC models and led to a noticeable reduction in lung metastasis in vivo. In addition, EG-L displayed remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in a highly aggressive syngeneic immune-competent mouse model of ccRCC developed in Balb/c mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates an effective approach to achieve improved therapeutic outcome in ccRCC.
透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)以其高度血管化的表型而闻名,这与血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF,也称为血管通透因子(VPF))的表达升高有关。因此,VEGF一直是ccRCC抗血管生成治疗的一个有吸引力的靶点。迄今为止,针对VEGF的抗血管生成治疗主要采用两种策略:通过抗体、配体陷阱或适体靶向VEGF,以及通过抗体或小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)靶向VEGF受体信号传导。在本文中,我们采用了两种截然不同的方法:靶向已知参与VEGF合成的雷帕霉素哺乳动物靶点(mTOR)途径,以及破坏已知分别在内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞中激活促血管生成和促肿瘤信号传导的VEGF/神经纤毛蛋白-1(NRP1)轴。依维莫司(E)和小分子抑制剂EG00229(G)分别用于抑制mTOR和破坏VEGF/NRP1轴。我们还利用了一种用专有的肿瘤靶向肽(TTP)修饰的脂质体制剂,以肿瘤靶向的方式同时递送这两种药物。在两种不同的ccRCC模型中,包裹依维莫司和EG00229的TTP脂质体(EG-L)在体外和体内均显示出比单药负载脂质体(E-L和G-L)更高的生长抑制作用,并导致体内肺转移明显减少。此外,在Balb/c小鼠中建立的高度侵袭性同基因免疫 competent ccRCC小鼠模型中,EG-L对肿瘤生长表现出显著的抑制作用。综上所述,本研究证明了一种在ccRCC中实现改善治疗效果的有效方法。
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