Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 25;705:135995. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135995. Epub 2019 Dec 7.
We investigated the occurrence, distribution, and potential sources of 10 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in road dust from the urban area of Dalian, China, as well as their associated human exposures and health risks. The total concentration of ΣOPFRs ranged from 300 to 7480 ng/g with a median of 1600 ng/g. Relatively high concentrations were observed mainly near prosperous business districts or dense residential areas. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were detected in all dust samples. TCIPP was the dominant congener, followed by TPPO. It was found that traffic flow can obviously influence the concentration of OPFRs in road dust, suggesting vehicles may be the major sources of OPFRs in road dust, presumably from materials used in their interiors. Correlations between certain OPFRs and population density indicate a significant influence by anthropogenic activities on OPFR levels. The average daily doses (ADD) of ΣOPFRs via ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption from road dust were evaluated as 0.26 and 0.087 ng/(kg-bw·d) for children and adults respectively, with dust ingestion as the main exposure pathway of OPFRs. Although the exposure risk of OPFRs via road dust was relatively low in Dalian, further studies on the exposure of OPFRs are still necessary due to combined effects with other exposure pathways.
我们研究了中国大连市城区道路灰尘中 10 种有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的发生、分布和潜在来源，以及它们对人体的暴露和健康风险。ΣOPFRs 的总浓度范围为 300 至 7480ng/g，中位数为 1600ng/g。相对较高的浓度主要出现在繁华的商业区或人口密集的住宅区附近。所有灰尘样本中均检测到三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）、三（1-氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）和三苯基氧化膦（TPPO）。TCIPP 是主要的同系物，其次是 TPPO。研究发现，交通流量明显会影响道路灰尘中 OPFRs 的浓度，这表明车辆可能是道路灰尘中 OPFRs 的主要来源，可能来自其内饰材料。某些 OPFRs 与人口密度之间的相关性表明，人为活动对 OPFR 水平有重大影响。通过摄入、吸入和皮肤吸收从道路灰尘中摄取 ΣOPFRs 的平均日剂量（ADD）分别为儿童 0.26ng/（kg-bw·d）和成人 0.087ng/（kg-bw·d），其中灰尘摄入是 OPFRs 的主要暴露途径。尽管大连市道路灰尘中 OPFRs 的暴露风险相对较低，但由于与其他暴露途径的综合影响，仍需进一步研究 OPFRs 的暴露情况。
