Bomanowska Anna, Adamowski Wojciech, Kirpluk Izabella, Otręba Anna, Rewicz Agnieszka
University of Lodz, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Lodz, Poland.
Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland.
PeerJ. 2019 Dec 13;7:e8034. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8034. eCollection 2019.
Due to the relevance of protected areas to the conservation of native biota, the magnitude of invasions and threats posed by alien plants are currently important issues for the preservation of these areas. The paper summarises data on invasive alien plant species presence in the most valuable protected areas in Poland, i.e. national parks (NPs). We investigated the distribution of invasive alien plant species and management attempts concerning those species. We analysed data obtained from 23 national parks originating from published and unpublished sources. Invasive plants were present in all protected areas analysed, from two to 42 species in a particular national park, and 68 in total. The most widely distributed species were: (present in 19 NPs), (17), (17), (17), and (16). The conducted analyses showed that the number of invasive species decreased with the higher altitude (asl) of the national park. The most often managed species were (being removed in seven NPs), (six), (four) and (four). In the majority of NPs, control activities are limited to small areas and singular species, thus having an incidental character. Only in five objects (Białowieża NP, Biebrza NP, Kampinos NP, Tuchola NP, Wigry NP), management has been focused on several species. We conclude that a lack of comprehensive management of invasive plant species in the majority of national parks currently limits the effectiveness of IAS (invasive alien species) eradication. Exchange of expertise among protected areas, documenting best practice examples, synthesising lessons learnt in IAS management, as well as the development of minimum standards for invasive plants surveillance and management are pivotal.
由于保护区对本地生物群保护的重要性，外来植物的入侵规模和所构成的威胁目前是这些地区保护工作的重要问题。本文总结了波兰最具价值的保护区，即国家公园（NP）中入侵外来植物物种的存在数据。我们调查了入侵外来植物物种的分布以及针对这些物种的管理尝试。我们分析了从23个国家公园获取的数据，这些数据来自已发表和未发表的来源。在所分析的所有保护区中均存在入侵植物，特定国家公园中有2至42种，总共68种。分布最广泛的物种有：（存在于19个国家公园）、（17个）、（17个）、（17个）和（16个）。进行的分析表明，随着国家公园海拔（平均海平面以上）的升高，入侵物种的数量减少。最常进行管理的物种有（在7个国家公园中被清除）、（6个）、（4个）和（4个）。在大多数国家公园中，控制活动仅限于小面积区域和单一物种，因此具有偶然性。只有在五个地区（比亚沃维耶扎国家公园、别布扎国家公园、坎皮诺斯国家公园、图霍拉国家公园、维格里国家公园），管理工作集中在几种物种上。我们得出结论，目前大多数国家公园缺乏对入侵植物物种的全面管理，限制了入侵外来物种根除的有效性。保护区之间的专业知识交流、记录最佳实践案例、总结入侵外来物种管理的经验教训以及制定入侵植物监测和管理的最低标准至关重要。
