Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Biofactors. 2020 May;46(3):309-325. doi: 10.1002/biof.1597. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
Microglia are the primary innate immune system cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are crucial for the immunity, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurotrophic support, phagocytosis of cellular debris, and maintaining the CNS integrity and homeostasis. Invasion by pathogens as well as in CNS injuries and damages results in activation of microglia known as microgliosis. The activated microglia have the capacity to release proinflammatory mediators leading to neuroinflammation. However, uncontrolled neuroinflammation can give rise to various neurological disorders (NDs), especially the neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are among the most widely prescribed medications for the management of hypercholesterolemia worldwide. It can be used for primary prevention in healthy individuals who are at higher risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases as well as the secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases disease. A growing body of evidence has indicated that statins have the potential to attenuate the proinflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs by controlling the microglial activation and consequent reduction in neuroinflammatory mediators. In this review, we have discussed the recent studies on the effects of statins on microglia activation and neuroinflammation.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的主要先天免疫系统细胞。它们对于免疫、神经发生、突触发生、神经营养支持、细胞碎片的吞噬以及维持中枢神经系统的完整性和内稳态至关重要。病原体的入侵以及中枢神经系统的损伤和损害会导致小胶质细胞的激活，即小胶质细胞增生。被激活的小胶质细胞具有释放促炎介质的能力，从而导致神经炎症。然而，不受控制的神经炎症会导致各种神经障碍 (NDs)，特别是神经退行性疾病，包括帕金森病 (PD) 和相关疾病、阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和其他痴呆症、多发性硬化症 (MS)、亨廷顿病 (HD)、脊髓小脑共济失调 (SCA)、脊髓性肌萎缩症 (SMA)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 和中风。他汀类药物（HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂）是全球用于治疗高胆固醇血症的最广泛处方药物之一。它可用于心血管疾病和冠心病风险较高的健康人群的一级预防，以及心血管疾病和冠心病患者的二级预防。越来越多的证据表明，他汀类药物通过控制小胶质细胞的激活和随后减少神经炎症介质，具有减轻促炎介质和随后的 NDs 的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近关于他汀类药物对小胶质细胞激活和神经炎症影响的研究。
