Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Neurotox Res. 2019 Jul;36(1):12-26. doi: 10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-form, producing inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, iNOS/NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Excessive inflammation, however, leads to damaged neurons and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa. It is widely used in Asia and has many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-mutagenic, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory, especially with respect to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders (NDs). Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule that inhibits microglia transformation, inflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs. In this mini-review, we discuss the effects of curcumin on microglia and explore the underlying mechanisms.
小胶质细胞是存在于中枢神经系统（CNS）中的先天免疫系统细胞。静息小胶质细胞通过吞噬活性来调节 CNS 的稳态，以清除病原体和细胞碎片。然而，有时为了保护神经元和对抗入侵的病原体，静息小胶质细胞会转变为激活状态，产生炎症介质，如细胞因子、趋化因子、iNOS/NO 和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）。然而，过度的炎症会导致神经元受损和神经退行性疾病（NDs），如帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、亨廷顿病（HD）、多发性硬化症（MS）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。姜黄素是从姜黄中分离出来的植物化学物质。它在亚洲被广泛使用，具有许多治疗特性，包括抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌、抗突变、抗淀粉样变性和抗炎，特别是在神经炎症和神经紊乱（NDs）方面。姜黄素是一种多效分子，可抑制小胶质细胞转化、炎症介质和随后的 NDs。在这篇迷你综述中，我们讨论了姜黄素对小胶质细胞的影响，并探讨了其潜在的机制。
