Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020 Mar;40(2):257-272. doi: 10.1007/s10571-019-00774-5. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates. The first discovered TAAR1 is mainly expressed in the brain, and is able to detect low abundant trace amines. TAAR1 is also activated by several synthetic compounds and psychostimulant drugs like amphetamine. Activation of TAAR1 by specific agonists can regulate the classical monoaminergic systems in the brain. Further studies have revealed that other TAAR family members are highly expressed in the olfactory system which are termed olfactory TAARs. In vertebrates, olfactory TAARs can specifically recognize volatile or water-soluble amines. Some of these TAAR agonists are produced by decarboxylation of amino acids. In addition, some TAAR agonists are ethological odors that mediate animal innate behaviors. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of TAAR agonists, including their structures, biosynthesis pathways, and functions.
痕量胺相关受体（TAARs）是一组在脊椎动物中进化保守的 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）。第一个被发现的 TAAR1 主要在大脑中表达，能够检测低丰度的痕量胺。TAAR1 也被几种合成化合物和安非他命等精神兴奋剂激活。特定激动剂激活 TAAR1 可以调节大脑中的经典单胺能系统。进一步的研究表明，其他 TAAR 家族成员在嗅觉系统中高度表达，被称为嗅觉 TAARs。在脊椎动物中，嗅觉 TAARs 可以特异性识别挥发性或水溶性胺。其中一些 TAAR 激动剂是由氨基酸脱羧产生的。此外，一些 TAAR 激动剂是行为气味，介导动物先天行为。在这项研究中，我们提供了 TAAR 激动剂的全面综述，包括它们的结构、生物合成途径和功能。
