Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical, Mashhad, Iran.
Food and Drug Administration, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Biofactors. 2020 May;46(3):326-340. doi: 10.1002/biof.1598. Epub 2019 Dec 19.
Bone is one of the most frequently transplanted tissues. The bone structure and its physiological function and stem cells biology were known to be closely related to each other for many years. Bone is considered a home to the well-known systems of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These bone resident MSCs provide a range of growth factors (GF) and cytokines to support cell growth following injury. These GFs include a group of proteins and peptides produced by different cells which are regulators of important cell functions such as division, migration, and differentiation. GF signaling controls the formation and development of the MSCs condensation and plays a critical role in regulating osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and bone/mineral homeostasis. Thus, a combination of both MSCs and GFs receives high expectations in regenerative medicine, particularly in bone repair applications. It is known that the delivery of exogenous GFs to the non-union bone fracture site remarkably improves healing results. Here we present updated information on bone tissue engineering with a specific focus on GF characteristics and their application in cellular functions and tissue healing. Moreover, the interrelation of GFs with the damaged bone microenvironment and their mechanistic functions are discussed.
骨组织是最常被移植的组织之一。多年来，人们一直认为骨的结构及其生理功能和干细胞生物学密切相关。骨被认为是众所周知的成体间充质干细胞（MSCs）系统的所在地。这些骨驻留的 MSCs 提供了一系列生长因子（GF）和细胞因子，以支持损伤后的细胞生长。这些 GFs 包括一组由不同细胞产生的蛋白质和肽，它们是调节细胞分裂、迁移和分化等重要细胞功能的调节剂。GF 信号通路控制 MSCs 凝聚的形成和发育，并在调节成骨、软骨形成和骨/矿物质稳态方面发挥着关键作用。因此，MSCs 和 GFs 的结合在再生医学中备受期待，特别是在骨修复应用中。众所周知，将外源性 GFs 递送到非愈合性骨折部位可显著改善愈合效果。本文介绍了骨组织工程的最新信息，特别关注 GF 的特性及其在细胞功能和组织愈合中的应用。此外，还讨论了 GFs 与受损骨微环境的相互关系及其机制功能。
