Carbohydrate Intolerance and Disaccharidase Measurement - a Mini-Review.

Carbohydrate intolerance is one of several syndromes and diseases which together are known as malabsorption syndromes. These include small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), coeliac disease, intestinal lymphangiectasia, short bowel syndrome, tropical sprue and some inherited metabolic disorders such as galactosaemia and pyruvate kinase deficiency. Specifically, the malabsorption of sugars affects morbidity for millions of sufferers across the world. Disaccharidase measurement is used in the investigation of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis is by endoscopic small bowel biopsy of the duodenum or jejunum with subsequent biochemical and histopathological analysis. The diagnosis of bowel disorders presents several challenges with numerous overlapping presentations and symptoms such as bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, flatulence, borborygmus, weight loss and severe discomfort.