School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
J Safety Res. 2019 Dec;71:285-294. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.006. Epub 2019 Nov 14.
Children under five years are most at risk of experiencing fatal and nonfatal drowning. The highest proportion of drowning incidents occur in private swimming pools. Lapses in adult supervision and failures in pool barriers are leading contributory factors for pool drowning in this age group.
We investigated the role of the theory of planned behavior social cognitions (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) as well as perceived barriers, planning, role construction, and anticipated regret on parents' and carers' intentions and habits toward two pool safety behaviors: restricting access and supervising children around private swimming pools. The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational design. Participants (N = 509) comprised Australian parents or caregivers with children aged under five years and access to a swimming pool at their residence. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures of social cognitive variables with respect to the swimming pool safety behaviors for their children.
Path analytic models controlling for past behavior indicated that subjective norm, planning, anticipated regret, and role construction were important predictors of habit, and subjective norm was a consistent predictor of intentions, for both behaviors. Planning predicted intentions in the restricting access sample, while attitudes, barriers, and role construction also predicted intentions in the supervising sample. Both models controlled for past behavior.
Current findings indicate the importance of psychological factors for restricting access and supervising behaviors, with normative factors prominent for both reasoned (intentions) and non-conscious (habits) behavioral antecedents. It seems factors guiding restricting access, which likely require regular enactment of routine behaviors (e.g., ensuring gate is not propped open, pool fence meets standards), may be governed by more habitual than intentional processes.
五岁以下的儿童最容易遭受致命和非致命溺水的风险。溺水事件发生率最高的是私人游泳池。在这个年龄段，成人监管失误和游泳池围栏故障是导致游泳池溺水的主要因素。
我们研究了计划行为理论的社会认知（态度、主观规范和感知行为控制）以及感知障碍、规划、角色构建和预期遗憾对父母和照顾者对两种游泳池安全行为的意图和习惯的作用：限制进入和在私人游泳池周围监督儿童。该研究采用了横断面相关性设计。参与者（N=509）包括澳大利亚有 5 岁以下儿童且家中有游泳池的父母或照顾者。参与者完成了一系列关于儿童游泳池安全行为的自我报告社会认知变量的测量。
控制过去行为的路径分析模型表明，主观规范、规划、预期遗憾和角色构建是习惯的重要预测因素，而主观规范是两种行为意图的一致预测因素。规划预测了限制进入样本的意图，而态度、障碍和角色构建也预测了监督样本的意图。两个模型都控制了过去的行为。
目前的研究结果表明，心理因素对限制进入和监督行为很重要，规范因素对理性（意图）和非意识（习惯）行为前因都很重要。似乎指导限制进入的因素，可能需要经常实施常规行为（例如，确保门没有被撑开，游泳池围栏符合标准），可能受到习惯而不是意图过程的控制。
Zotero 插件