Concentration-dependent transcriptome of zebrafish embryo for environmental chemical assessment.

Mechanistic information is essential to screen and predict the adverse effects of a large number of chemicals during early-life exposure. Concentration-dependent omics can capture the extent of perturbations of biological pathways or processes and provide information on the mechanism of toxicity. However, the application of concentration-dependent transcriptome to assess the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals is still limited. Here, twelve chemicals representing five different modes of action (MOAs) were tested by the concentration-dependent reduced zebrafish transcriptome approach (CRZT) in combination with a phenotype-based high content screen (PHCS). The responsiveness, sensitivity and mechanistic differentiation of CRZT were validated in comparison with PHCS. First, PHCS identified 10 chemicals with obvious embryotoxicity (LD range: 2.11-70.68 μM), while the potencies of the biological pathways perturbed by 12 chemicals (POD range: 0.002-2.1 μM) were demonstrated by CRZT. Second, although the potency of the transcriptome perturbations was positively correlated with lethality (LD) (R = 0.64, P-value < 0.05) for most tested chemicals, BbF was non-embryotoxic but was the most potent on the perturbance of biological pathways. Finally, the profiles of the perturbed biological processes and the transcriptome potency (POD) captured by CRZT could effectively classify most chemicals corresponding to their known MOAs. In summary, CRZT could significantly improve testing the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals.