Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh, Azad Kashmir 12500, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 May 24;27(11):3378. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113378.
Currently, the growth and yield of crops are restrained due to an increase in the occurrence of ecological stresses globally. Biogenic generation of nanomaterials is an important step in the development of environmentally friendly procedures in the nanotechnology field. Silver-based nanomaterials are significant because of their physical, chemical, and biological features along with their plentiful applications. In addition to useful microbes, the green synthesized Ag nanomaterials are considered to be an ecologically friendly and environmentally biocompatible method for the enhancement of crop yield by easing stresses. In the recent decade, due to regular droughts, infrequent precipitation, salinity, and increased temperature, the climate alternation has changed certain ecological systems. As a result of these environmental changes, crop yield has decreased worldwide. The role of biogenic Ag nanomaterials in enhancing methylglyoxal detoxification, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and generating tolerance to stresses-induced ROS injury has been methodically explained in plants over the past ten years. However, certain studies regarding stress tolerance and metal-based nanomaterials have been directed, but the particulars of silver nanomaterials arbitrated stresses tolerance have not been well-reviewed. Henceforth, there is a need to have a good understanding of plant responses during stressful conditions and to practice the combined literature to enhance tolerance for crops by utilization of Ag nanoparticles. This review article illustrates the mechanistic approach that biogenic Ag nanomaterials in plants adopt to alleviate stresses. Moreover, we have appraised the most significant activities by exogenous use of Ag nanomaterials for improving plant tolerance to salt, low and high temperature, and drought stresses.
目前,由于全球生态压力的增加,作物的生长和产量受到限制。生物生成纳米材料是纳米技术领域发展环保工艺的重要步骤。银基纳米材料因其物理、化学和生物学特性以及丰富的应用而备受关注。除了有益的微生物外,绿色合成的 Ag 纳米材料被认为是一种生态友好和环境生物相容的方法,可以通过缓解压力来提高作物产量。在过去的十年中,由于经常发生干旱、降水稀少、盐度和温度升高,气候的改变已经改变了某些生态系统。由于这些环境变化,全球的作物产量都有所下降。在过去的十年中,生物生成的 Ag 纳米材料在增强甲基乙二醛解毒、抗氧化防御机制以及产生对胁迫诱导的 ROS 损伤的耐受性方面在植物中得到了系统的解释。然而,某些关于胁迫耐受性和金属基纳米材料的研究已经进行,但银纳米材料在调节胁迫耐受性方面的具体细节尚未得到很好的综述。因此,有必要很好地了解植物在胁迫条件下的反应,并结合文献利用 Ag 纳米粒子来提高作物的耐受性。本文综述了生物生成的 Ag 纳米材料在植物中缓解胁迫的机制方法。此外,我们还评估了外源 Ag 纳米材料在提高植物对盐、低温、高温和干旱胁迫的耐受性方面的最重要的活性。