The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
Environ Res. 2020 Mar;182:109048. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109048. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
Our previous biomonitoring study of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) in a population in Australia found high levels of 1-naphthol, a metabolite of both naphthalene and carbaryl, in some adult samples. Here, we conducted a follow-up study to collect and analyse pooled urine samples, stratified by age and sex, from 2014 to 2017 using a GC-MS method. Geometric mean concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene, the most common biomarker of PAH exposure, were 100 and 120 ng/L urine in 2014-2015 and 2016-2017, respectively. The concentrations of most OH-PAHs in this study except 1-naphthol are in line with those reported by biomonitoring programs in the US and Canada. In general, concentrations of OH-PAHs are lower in samples from small children (0-4 years) and school-aged children (5-14 years) compared with samples from the older age groups, except for some cases in the recent monitoring period. The concentrations of 1-naphthol in some adult samples of both sexes are very high, which is consistent with our previous findings. Such high concentrations of 1-naphthol together with the high 1-naphthol/2-naphthol ratio suggest potential exposure to the insecticide carbaryl in this population but other exposure sources and different rates of naphthalene metabolism should also be investigated.
我们之前在澳大利亚进行的羟基多环芳烃（OH-PAHs）生物监测研究发现，一些成人样本中 1-萘酚的水平很高，1-萘酚是萘和carbaryl 的代谢物。在这里，我们使用 GC-MS 方法，于 2014 年至 2017 年，按年龄和性别分层收集和分析了来自 2014 年至 2015 年和 2016 年至 2017 年的混合尿液样本。1-羟基芘是 PAH 暴露最常见的生物标志物，其几何平均浓度分别为 100 和 120ng/L 尿液。除 1-萘酚外，本研究中大多数 OH-PAHs 的浓度与美国和加拿大生物监测计划报告的浓度一致。总的来说，与年龄较大的组相比，0-4 岁和 5-14 岁的儿童（0-4 岁）和学童（5-14 岁）的尿液样本中 OH-PAHs 的浓度较低，但在最近的监测期内，有些情况除外。一些男性和女性的成年样本中 1-萘酚的浓度非常高，这与我们之前的发现一致。如此高浓度的 1-萘酚加上高 1-萘酚/2-萘酚比值表明该人群可能接触到杀虫剂 carbaryl，但也应该调查其他接触源和不同的萘代谢率。
