Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;66(1S):S34-S41. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.020.
The aim of this article was to determine the relationship between gender norms and weight control behaviors in U.S. adolescents.
We analyzed prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,861), at baseline in 1994-1995 (ages 11-18 years, Wave I), 1-year follow-up (ages 12-19 years, Wave II), and 7-year follow-up (ages 18-26 years, Wave III). The primary exposure variable was a measure of one's gender normativity based on the degree to which males and females behave in ways that are similar to the behaviors of their same-gender peers. The outcome variable was an individual's weight control attempts (trying to lose or gain weight) and behaviors (dieting, fasting/skipping meals, vomiting, or weight-loss pills/laxatives/diuretics to lose weight or ate different/more foods than usual or taking supplements to gain weight).
In logistic regression analyses controlling for potential confounders, a higher baseline individual gender normativity score (higher femininity in females and higher masculinity in males) was associated with weight loss attempts (β = .10; p = .01) and weight loss behaviors (β = .18; p < .001) in girls but was associated with weight gain attempts (β = .18; p < .001) and behaviors (β = .16; p < .001) in boys at 1-year follow-up. Higher individual gender normativity score was protective of weight loss attempts (β = -.15; p < .001) and weight loss behaviors (β = -.17; p < .001) in males but not females at 7-year follow-up. Loess plots provided visualizations of significant relationships.
Gender norms may reinforce a thinner body ideal for girls but a larger ideal for boys.
本文旨在探讨美国青少年的性别规范与体重控制行为之间的关系。
我们分析了美国青少年纵向研究（National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health，N = 9861）的前瞻性队列数据。该研究于 1994-1995 年基线时（年龄 11-18 岁，第 I 波）、1 年随访时（年龄 12-19 岁，第 II 波）和 7 年随访时（年龄 18-26 岁，第 III 波）进行了调查。主要暴露变量是基于男性和女性行为与同性同龄人行为相似程度的性别规范性测量。因变量是个体的体重控制尝试（试图减肥或增重）和行为（节食、禁食/不吃饭、呕吐或使用减肥药/泻药/利尿剂减肥，或吃不同/更多食物或服用补品增重）。
在控制潜在混杂因素的逻辑回归分析中，基线时个体性别规范性评分较高（女性的女性化程度更高，男性的男性化程度更高）与女孩的减肥尝试（β = 0.10；p = 0.01）和减肥行为（β = 0.18；p < 0.001）相关，但与男孩在 1 年随访时的增重尝试（β = 0.18；p < 0.001）和增重行为（β = 0.16；p < 0.001）相关。较高的个体性别规范性评分在 7 年随访时对男性的减肥尝试（β = -0.15；p < 0.001）和减肥行为（β = -0.17；p < 0.001）具有保护作用，但对女性没有影响。Loess 图提供了显著关系的可视化效果。
性别规范可能强化了女孩更瘦的理想体型，但对男孩来说则是更大的理想体型。
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