Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
Am J Hum Biol. 2020 Sep;32(5):e23387. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23387. Epub 2019 Dec 28.
To analyze the impact of participation in sports with different cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) demands on changes in metabolic and cardiovascular markers in adolescents. Longitudinal study with 12 months of follow-up (Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth [ABCD Growth Study]). Overall, 184 adolescents (age 15.6 ± 2.1) were classified according to sports participation: non-sport (control), low CRF sports, and high CRF sports. Metabolic outcomes were total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions, triacylglycerol (TG), glucose, insulin levels, and the insulin resistance index. Cardiovascular outcomes were arterial thickness (carotid and femoral [ultrasound]), blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Adolescents engaged in sports classified as high CRF demand presented a significant increase in HDL-c (1.2 mg/dL [95%CI: -0.5 to 3.0]) when compared to the non-sport group (-2.4 mg/dL [95%CI: -4.4 to -0.5]). Regular engagement in high CRF sports was significantly related to changes in TC (β = -0.027 [95%CI: -0.048 to -0.005]), HDL-c (β = 0.009 [95%CI: 0.001 to 0.019]), LDL-c (β = -0.032 [95%CI: -0.049 to -0.016]), and glucose (β = -0.017 [95%CI: -0.025 to -0.008]), while engagement in low CRF sports was related to changes in TG (β = -0.065 [95%CI: -0.112 to -0.019]). No significant relationships for cardiovascular parameters were observed in the low CRF group, but one significant relationship was found between high CRF sports and changes in SBP (β = -0.063 [95%CI: -0.117 to -0.009]). In conclusion, engagement in sports seems to be beneficial for improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in adolescents, mainly sports with higher CRF demand.
分析不同心肺适能（CRF）需求的运动参与对青少年代谢和心血管标志物变化的影响。一项为期 12 个月随访的纵向研究（儿童生长期间行为分析[ABCD 生长研究]）。共有 184 名青少年（年龄 15.6±2.1 岁）根据运动参与情况进行分类：非运动（对照组）、低 CRF 运动和高 CRF 运动。代谢结果为总胆固醇（TC）及其分数、三酰甘油（TG）、葡萄糖、胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数。心血管结果为动脉厚度（颈动脉和股动脉[超声]）、血压和静息心率。与非运动组相比，进行高 CRF 需求运动的青少年 HDL-c（1.2mg/dL[95%CI：-0.5 至 3.0]）显著增加（-2.4mg/dL[95%CI：-4.4 至-0.5]）。经常进行高 CRF 运动与 TC（β=-0.027[95%CI：-0.048 至-0.005]）、HDL-c（β=0.009[95%CI：0.001 至 0.019]）、LDL-c（β=-0.032[95%CI：-0.049 至-0.016]）和葡萄糖（β=-0.017[95%CI：-0.025 至-0.008]）的变化显著相关，而低 CRF 运动与 TG（β=-0.065[95%CI：-0.112 至-0.019]）的变化显著相关。低 CRF 组在心血管参数方面没有发现显著的相关性，但在高 CRF 运动与 SBP（β=-0.063[95%CI：-0.117 至-0.009]）的变化之间发现了一个显著的关系。总之，运动似乎有利于改善青少年的代谢和心血管参数，主要是高 CRF 需求的运动。
