Masala Daniele, D'Egidio Valeria, Iona Teresa, La Torre Giuseppe
Università degli Studi Magna Graecia, Dipartimento delle Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Catanzaro, Italia.
Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italia.
Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2019 Jul-Aug;75(4):271-282.
The use of doping substances is growing not only in young athletes performing competitive and non-competitive sports, but also in amateur sports, thereby representing a social and public health problem. The aim of this study was to measure knowledge, attitudes and opinions on doping and drugs and their effects, among students of secondary schools, and to assess the effectiveness of a health education intervention. "Enjoy the Sport- the school against doping and addiction 2.0" is a program developed to discourage the use of drugs, in particular doping drugs, by introducing information on the origins, on the effects of drugs and examples of appropriate lifestyles. This project was conceived by C.I.S.C.O.D. (Comitato Italiano Sport Contro Droga), an association of the C.O.N.I. and carried out with its support.
The "Enjoy" project was a study with a one-arm experimental design and with a pre-post evaluation. A multiple-choice questionnaire was used to measure adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and opinions on doping and its effects. A descriptive analysis and post-pre intervention comparison was performed with the McNemar test.
There was a significant increase in participants' knowledge of doping substances indicated by the WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) (p<0.001) and a better understanding of the meaning of the term "doping". A decrease in the number of adolescents who would use doping substances (pre = 0.06%; post = 0.0%) was observed, as well as an increase in the number of adolescents who do not consider fair that athletes of any level should use substances that alter their performance (pre = 83.7%; post = 85%). A significant increase was observed in the proportion of participants who believe that athletes should not use doping substances because they are harmful to the human organism (pre = 38.6%; post = 51.7%) (p<0.001).
The project "Enjoy the Sport" contributed to increasing the health literacy of secondary school students about doping (and consequent awareness of the negative aspects of drug use). Schools, therefore, are an appropriate setting for implementing educational interventions for the prevention of doping. However, it is fundamental to integrate knowledge and action, especially in the context of family, sport and sports associations.
使用兴奋剂的现象不仅在从事竞技和非竞技运动的年轻运动员中日益增多，在业余体育运动中亦是如此，这已成为一个社会和公共卫生问题。本研究旨在衡量中学生对兴奋剂和药物及其影响的知识、态度和看法，并评估健康教育干预措施的效果。“享受运动——学校反对兴奋剂和成瘾2.0”是一项旨在通过介绍药物的来源、影响以及适当生活方式的实例，劝阻使用药物，尤其是兴奋剂的项目。该项目由意大利国家奥委会下属的反兴奋剂委员会（C.I.S.C.O.D.）构思，并在其支持下开展。
“享受”项目是一项采用单组实验设计和前后评估的研究。使用多项选择题问卷来衡量青少年对兴奋剂及其影响的知识、态度和看法。采用描述性分析以及McNemar检验进行干预前后的比较。
世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）指出，参与者对兴奋剂物质的了解显著增加（p<0.001），对“兴奋剂”一词的含义有了更好的理解。使用兴奋剂物质的青少年人数有所减少（干预前 = 0.06%；干预后 = 0.0%），认为任何水平的运动员使用改变成绩的物质都不公平的青少年人数有所增加（干预前 = 83.7%；干预后 = 85%）。认为运动员不应使用兴奋剂物质是因为其对人体有害的参与者比例显著增加（干预前 = 38.6%；干预后 = 51.7%）（p<0.001）。
“享受运动”项目有助于提高中学生对兴奋剂的健康素养（以及随之而来的对药物使用负面影响的认识）。因此，学校是实施预防兴奋剂教育干预的合适场所。然而，将知识与行动相结合至关重要，尤其是在家庭、体育和体育协会的背景下。
