Wippert Pia-Maria, Fließer Michael
Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, Department of Health Science, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, House 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2016 Oct 10;11(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s13011-016-0079-9.
Doping presents a potential health risk for young athletes. Prevention programs are intended to prevent doping by educating athletes about banned substances. However, such programs have their limitations in practice. This led Germany to introduce the National Doping Prevention Plan (NDPP), in hopes of ameliorating the situation among young elite athletes. Two studies examined 1) the degree to which the NDPP led to improved prevention efforts in elite sport schools, and 2) the extent to which newly developed prevention activities of the national anti-doping agency (NADA) based on the NDPP have improved knowledge among young athletes within elite sports schools.
The first objective was investigated in a longitudinal study (Study I: t0 = baseline, t1 = follow-up 4 years after NDPP introduction) with N = 22 teachers engaged in doping prevention in elite sports schools. The second objective was evaluated in a cross-sectional comparison study (Study II) in N = 213 elite sports school students (54.5 % male, 45.5 % female, age M = 16.7 ± 1.3 years (all students had received the improved NDDP measure in school; one student group had received additionally NADA anti-doping activities and a control group did not). Descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by McNemar tests, Wilcoxon tests and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results indicate that 4 years after the introduction of the NDPP there have been limited structural changes with regard to the frequency, type, and scope of doping prevention in elite sport schools. On the other hand, in study II, elite sport school students who received further NADA anti-doping activities performed better on an anti-doping knowledge test than students who did not take part (F(1, 207) = 33.99, p <0.001), although this difference was small.
The integration of doping-prevention in elite sport schools as part of the NDPP was only partially successful. The results of the evaluation indicate that the introduction of the NDPP has contributed more to a change in the content of doping prevention activities than to a structural transformation in anti-doping education in elite sport schools. Moreover, while students who did receive additional education in the form of the NDPP"booster sessions" had significantly more knowledge about doping than students who did not receive such education, this difference was only small and may not translate to actual behavior.
使用兴奋剂对年轻运动员构成潜在的健康风险。预防计划旨在通过对运动员进行关于禁用物质的教育来防止使用兴奋剂。然而，此类计划在实践中存在局限性。这促使德国推出了国家反兴奋剂预防计划（NDPP），以期改善年轻精英运动员的状况。两项研究考察了：1）NDPP在多大程度上促使精英体育学校的预防工作得到改进；2）基于NDPP新开展的国家反兴奋剂机构（NADA）的预防活动在多大程度上提高了精英体育学校年轻运动员的相关知识水平。
第一个目标在一项纵向研究（研究I：t0 =基线，t1 =引入NDPP后4年的随访）中进行调查，该研究涉及22名在精英体育学校从事反兴奋剂预防工作的教师。第二个目标在一项横断面比较研究（研究II）中进行评估，研究对象为213名精英体育学校学生（男性占54.5%，女性占45.5%，年龄M = 16.7±1.3岁（所有学生在学校都接受了改进后的NDDP措施；一个学生组额外接受了NADA反兴奋剂活动，而一个对照组未接受）。计算描述性统计量，随后进行麦克尼马尔检验、威尔科克森检验和协方差分析（ANCOVA）。
结果表明，引入NDPP 4年后，精英体育学校在兴奋剂预防的频率、类型和范围方面的结构变化有限。另一方面，在研究II中，接受了额外NADA反兴奋剂活动的精英体育学校学生在反兴奋剂知识测试中的表现优于未参加的学生（F(1, 207) = 33.99，p <0.001），尽管这种差异很小。
将兴奋剂预防纳入精英体育学校作为NDPP的一部分仅取得了部分成功。评估结果表明，NDPP的引入对兴奋剂预防活动内容的改变贡献更大，而不是对精英体育学校反兴奋剂教育的结构转变。此外，虽然接受了以NDPP“强化课程”形式的额外教育的学生比未接受此类教育的学生对兴奋剂的了解明显更多，但这种差异很小，可能不会转化为实际行为。
